双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸和总DNA对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的比较双歧杆菌2种组分即双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸（LTA）和总DNA的免疫调节作用。方法分别提取和制备双歧杆菌LTA和总DNA。采用淋巴细胞转化法和溶血空斑法分别研究它们对小鼠细胞和体液免疫的调节作用。结果与对照组比较,双歧杆菌和总DNA对T细胞和B细胞都有明显的刺激作用（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,但是LTA的作用更强（P〈0．01）。结论双歧杆菌细胞壁的LTA和细胞核的总DNA均具有免疫调节作用,但前者效能优于后者。     

影响琼脂糖凝胶电泳条带扭曲程度的因素

在不同的电压与载样量下,分别使用溴化乙锭（EB）与新型核酸染料GoldViewna II及GoldView对凝胶中的DNA进行染色,观察电泳条带扭曲程度,了解电压、载样量与核酸染料对琼脂糖凝胶电泳条带扭曲程度的影响.使用GoldViewna II染色,当电压≥10V/cm时,DNA条带的扭曲程度随载样量增大而加剧;当DNA载样量≥10ng时,DNA条带的扭曲程度随电压升高而加剧. 使用EB染色,仅当载样量≥50ng时,条带出现轻微扭曲,扭曲程度与电压无明显关系.结果表明使用GoldView染色,当电压不超过20V/cm或载样量不超过100ng时,DNA条带不扭曲.在琼脂糖凝胶电泳中,若要避免DNA条带扭曲干扰实验结果,使用GoldViewna II染色,若DNA载样量≥10ng,应控制电压≤5V/cm;使用EB染色,载样量应≤50ng;使用GoldView染色,可以使用20V/cm的电压缩短实验时间.     

玉叶金花种内性状置换的初步研究

通过对茜草科玉叶金花属植物玉叶金花传粉生物学及种内形态分化和分布特点的初步研究,发现该种的两个变种玉叶金花和白花玉叶金花在形态和生境适应上都有一定的规律。研究表明,楠藤与开黄花的玉叶金花原变种的传粉者主要是鳞翅目昆虫,而玉叶金花的白花变种的有效传粉者是膜翅目昆虫。认为变种白花玉叶金花居群的出现与同属植物楠藤的同域分布及避免相互竞争传粉者有关。白花玉叶金花变种的出现属于性状置换现象。     

锂-匹罗卡品颞叶癫模型的建立及苔藓纤维出芽的动态变化

目的研究锂-匹罗卡品颞叶癫模型大鼠致后性发作的行为学特点及海马结构病理改变的动态变化。方法将所有Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组大鼠腹腔依次注射氯化锂、匹罗卡品诱发癫持续状态（SE）后,观察其自发性癫发作（SRS）,分别于SE后1周至10周5个不同时间点取材,Nissl染色和Timm染色分别观察海马神经元损伤及苔藓纤维出芽（MFS）的变化。结果注射匹罗卡品后84%的大鼠可诱发出SE,经过10～20d的缄默期后,可观察到Ⅰ～Ⅲ级的反复SRS,病理学检查可见海马神经元的损伤及齿状回内分子层MFS。结论锂-匹罗卡品颞叶癫模型与人类颞叶癫有类似发作特点及病理改变,是一种理想的颞叶癫动物模型。     

二叠纪-三叠纪之交地球表层系统的多幕式变化:分子地球生物学记录

以浙江长兴煤山二叠系一三叠系界线剖面为重点,总结了近年来在分子和同位素方面的重要进展.2-甲基藿烷指数反映了蓝细菌繁盛集中在二叠系-三叠系界线附近约1Ma的时间内,对应于第26-37层,并主要以两幕形式出现.第一幕在第26层,第二幕在第29-37层(由多个峰值组成).海洋有孔虫、腕足类和牙形石等动物的灭绝也主要表现为两幕,分别对应于煤山剖面第25层和第28层.碳酸盐碳同位素出现两幕负偏,分别对应于第24-26层和第29-37层,可以在特提斯海域进行对比.绿硫细菌分子标志化合物指示的海水透光层富H<,2>S事件集中在两个层位,分别出现在第21-24层(由多个峰值组成)和第11-14层,但第一幕(第11-14层)距离动物大规模灭绝时间约1Ma之久.陆地生态系统的崩溃和陆地风化作用的加强也主要表现为双幕式.二叠纪-三叠纪之交生物危机和环境变化均以幕式表现出来,特别是双幕式,反映了当时地球表层系统的变化表现出两个重要特征,即不稳定性和长期性.值得注意的是,奥陶纪一志留纪之交、晚泥盆世弗拉期-法门期之交、二叠纪-三叠纪之交、三叠纪-侏罗纪之交这4次生物大灭绝均表现出双幕式特点,是生物对同一地内事件两种不同状态(如海平面变化中的海退和海进,气候变化中的变暖和变冷等)或者多种地内事件的综合响应,可能是地内事件导致生物危机的一个共同特征,从而区别于地外事件引起的单幕式生物灭绝.     

An integrative approach to the taxonomy of the pigmented European Pseudomonocelis Meixner, 1943 (Platyhelminthes: Proseriata)

Only a few species belonging to the Proseriata (Platyhelminthes) show a parenchymatic pigmentation, which may aid identification. Among these, Pseudomonocelis agilis has a yellowish body and is provided with a reddish–brown girdle in front of the statocyst. The species is known for limited areas of northern Europe and the Mediterranean. The present study was conducted to assess both the taxonomic status of populations attributed to the species across the unusually wide range for an interstitial flatworm, which lacks an obvious means of dispersal, and the levels of genetic variability within and among populations, by employing an integrative approach that included the analyses, on six populations, of three molecular markers (small subunit ribosomal 18S‐like gene, inter‐simple sequence repeat, allozymes), karyotypes, and 11 morphological characters. Furthermore, crossbreeding experiments were carried out on the Mediterranean populations. The results obtained revealed the existence of four highly divergent genotypic clusters, accompanied by karyological differences, with complete intersterility among the clusters tested. The combination of approaches adopted strongly supports the conclusion that the wide‐ranging European pigmented species P. agilis is actually composed of four species: P. agilis in the Baltic area; Pseudomonocelis cetinae in the Adriatic; and Pseudomonocelis sp. nov. A and Pseudomonocelis sp. nov. B in the western and eastern Mediterranean, respectively. The latter two species are morphologically indistinguishable for the parameters essayed. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of these taxa, including congeneric and consubfamilial outgroups, showed that pigmentation is a plesiomorphic condition for the genus Pseudomonocelis and that Pseudomonocelis sp. nov. A shares a previously undetected, sister‐group relationship with species of the unpigmented P. ophiocephala complex. The present study thus depicts complex speciation processes in a mesopsammic species, which involves allopatric divergence operating on different scales and ecological shifts, and highlights that the contribution of microturbellarians to marine biodiversity may be seriously underestimated. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 98 , 907–922.     

CT定位脑立体定向丘脑中央中核毁损治疗癌症顽痛的应用

目的:探讨CT定位脑立体定向丘脑中央中核毁损治疗癌症顽痛的治疗效果.方法:应用立体定向技术,在CT直接靶点定位下,对62位癌痛顽痛进行双侧的中央中核毁损,采用WHO推荐的10分法评定手术前与术后即时及术后3月的疼痛程度.结果:本组患者术前疼痛评分均在7分以上,术后除2例死亡外,其余均降至0～3分,与术前相比有显著差异(P＜0.01).3个月内追踪观察26例患者疼痛有不同程度的复发,但疼痛评分均≤7分,与术前相比有显著差异(P＜0.05).并发症:颅内靶点出血2例,嗜睡4例,偏瘫3例,尿失禁3例,构音障碍2例,动眼神经麻痹、呃逆感觉异常各1例.经对症处理,绝大多数可以恢复.结论:CT定位立体定向中央中核毁损治疗癌症顽痛,创伤小、疗效可靠,是治疗癌性顽痛较为理想的手术方法.     

27个群体7个Y-STR基因座多态性的聚类分析

目的:选择具有高度多态性与稳定性的7个Y-STR位点,分析27个群体遗传关系.方法:应用Y-STR复合扩增方法,获得150名宁夏回族个体DYS19、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS390、DYS391、DYS392、DYS393 7个基因座等位基因频率.收集国内外26个群体这7个基因座基因频率的数据.结果:应用这7个Y染色体STR的多态性研究结果显示:国内群体与朝鲜、韩国、日本的遗传关系较近,与几内亚、莫桑比克的遗传关系较远.结论:27个不同群体这7个Y-STR基因座多态性有明显的种族与地域差异,与三大人种的分类基本一致.     

深圳市宝安区蔬菜农药残留研究

根据2006年、2007年和2008年对55种蔬菜、共27551份样品农药残留的检测结果,分析了广东深圳市宝安地区蔬菜农药残留的状况和规律.结果表明:随着政府各项监督管理措施的落实,宝安地区蔬菜农药残留超标率逐年下降,2006年为4.35%,2007年为4.34%,2008年为1.41%;每年6～8月超标率最低,而冬春两季超标率较高;检出超标率最高的农药是有机磷类农药,包括甲基异柳磷、治螟磷、毒死蜱和敌敌畏,其次是氯氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯等拟除虫菊酯类农药;在抽检的55种蔬菜中超标率较高的是几种十字花科蔬菜,依次是芥菜、小白菜和菜心.     

Agrobacterium‐produced and exogenous cytokinin‐modulated Agrobacterium‐mediated plant transformation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes neoplastic growths, called ‘crown gall’, via the transfer and integration of transferred DNA (T‐DNA) from the bacterium into the plant genome. We characterized an acetosyringone (AS)‐induced tumour‐inducing (Ti) plasmid gene, tzs (trans‐zeatin synthesizing), that is responsible for the synthesis of the plant hormone cytokinin in nopaline‐type A. tumefaciens strains. The loss of Tzs protein expression and trans‐zeatin secretions by the tzs frameshift (tzs‐fs) mutant is associated with reduced tumorigenesis efficiency on white radish stems and reduced transformation efficiencies on Arabidopsis roots. Complementation of the tzs‐fs mutant with a wild‐type tzs gene restored wild‐type levels of trans‐zeatin secretions and transformation efficiencies. Exogenous application of cytokinin during infection increased the transient transformation efficiency of Arabidopsis roots infected by strains lacking Tzs, which suggests that the lower transformation efficiency resulted from the lack of Agrobacterium‐produced cytokinin. Interestingly, although the tzs‐fs mutant displayed reduced tumorigenesis efficiency on several tested plants, the loss of Tzs enhanced tumorigenesis efficiencies on green pepper and cowpea. These data strongly suggest that Tzs, by synthesizing trans‐zeatin at early stage(s) of the infection process, modulates plant transformation efficiency by A. tumefaciens.