Bulbing in Long-day Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultured In Vitro: Comparison Between Sugar Feeding and Light Induction

Bulbs were obtained on onion plants cultured in vitro. No bulbinghappened under long days with fluorescent light and 30–40g l^–1 sucrose. Bulb formation was mainly dependent eitheron sucrose concentration in the culture medium, or on lightspectral composition. Raising the sucrose concentration from40 to 120 g l^–1 increased plant basal swelling and stoppedfurther vegetative development. These plants were not dormant.When fluorescent light was enriched in incandescence duringa long day period, bulbs were obtained in two months and underwenta consecutive dormancy. Bulb, dormancy, light spectral quality, photoperiod, R: FR ratio, sugar, tissue culture     

Similar breakdown rates and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages on native and Eucalyptus globulus leaf litter in Californian streams

1. Eucalyptus globulus, a tree species planted worldwide in many riparian zones, has been reported to affect benthic macroinvertebrates negatively. Although there is no consensus about the effects of Eucalyptus on aquatic macrobenthos, its removal is sometimes proposed as a means of ecological restoration. 2. We combined the sampling of macroinvertebrates with measurement of the colonisation of leaf packs in mesh bags, to examine the effects of riparian Eucalyptus and its litter on benthic macroinvertebrates in three small streams in California, U.S.A. Each stream included one reach bordered by Eucalyptus (E‐site) and a second bordered by native vegetation (N‐site). 3. The macrobenthos was sampled and two sets of litter bags were deployed at each site: one set with Eucalyptus litter (Euc‐bags) and one with mixed native tree litter (Nat‐bags) containing Quercus, Umbellularia, Acer and Alnus. Bags were exposed for 28, 56 and 90 days and this experiment was repeated in the autumn, winter and spring to account for effects of changing stream flow and insect phenology. 4. Litter input (average dry mass: 950 g m^?2 year^?1 in E‐sites versus 669 g m^?2 year^?1 in N‐sites) was similar, although in‐stream litter composition differed between E‐ and N‐sites. Litter broke down at similar rates in Euc‐bags and Nat‐bags (0.0193 day^?1 versus 0.0134 day^?1), perhaps reflecting the refractory nature of some of the leaves of the native trees (Quercus agrifolia). 5. Summary metrics for macroinvertebrates (taxon richness, Shannon diversity, pollution tolerance index) did not differ significantly between the E and N sites, or between Euc‐bags and Nat‐bags. No effect of exposure time or site was detected by ordination of the taxa sampled. However, distinct seasonal ordination clusters were observed in winter, spring and autumn, and one of the three streams formed a separate cluster. 6. The presence of Eucalyptus was less important in explaining the taxonomic composition of the macrobenthos than either ‘season’ or ‘stream’. Similarly, these same two factors (but not litter species) also helped explain the variation in leaf breakdown. We conclude that patches of riparian Eucalyptus and its litter have little effect on stream macrobenthos in this region.     

细菌性阴道炎合并HPV16感染患者阴道菌群分布与局部免疫的关系

探究细菌性阴道炎（BV）合并人乳头瘤病毒16（HPV16）感染患者阴道菌群分布与局部免疫的关系。

选取2019年1月到2023年1月我院收治的83例BV合并HPV16感染患者和81例单纯BV患者,分别作为研究组和对照组,检测两组患者阴道菌群分布和宫颈阴道分泌物中T淋巴细胞亚群（CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺）和炎症因子（IL-1β、IFN-γ、IL-2）水平。

研究组乳酸杆菌数量低于对照组,加德纳菌、大肠埃希菌、无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白假丝酵母菌数量高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组阴道菌群密集度Ⅲ+Ⅳ级、多样性Ⅱ+Ⅲ级、微生态失调比例均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组宫颈CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值低于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组宫颈IL-1β、IFN-γ、IL-2水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。

合并HPV16感染可使BV患者阴道乳酸杆菌数量减少,阴道微生态失衡,局部免疫功能下降,应尽早检测此类患者阴道菌群和宫颈阴道局部免疫情况,进行针对性干预。