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11.
A Systematic Review of Risk Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infections among Surgical Patients
Ellen Korol Karissa Johnston Nathalie Waser Frangiscos Sifakis Hasan S. Jafri Mathew Lo Moe H. Kyaw 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Importance
Surgical site infection (SSI) complicates 2-5% of surgeries in the United States. Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis, and SSIs are responsible for increased morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with surgery. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a commonly-isolated organism for SSI, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus SSI incidence is increasing globally.Objective
The objective of this systematic review was to characterize risk factors for SSI within observational studies describing incidence of SSI in a real-world setting.Evidence Review
An initial search identified 328 titles published in 2002-2012; 57 were identified as relevant for data extraction. Extracted information included study design and methodology, reported cumulative incidence and post-surgical time until onset of SSI, and odds ratios and associated variability for all factors considered in univariate and/or multivariable analyses.Findings
Median SSI incidence was 3.7%, ranging from 0.1% to 50.4%. Incidence of overall SSI and S. aureus SSI were both highest in tumor-related and transplant surgeries. Median time until SSI onset was 17.0 days, with longer time-to-onset for orthopedic and transplant surgeries. Risk factors consistently identified as associated with SSI included co-morbidities, advanced age, risk indices, patient frailty, and surgery complexity. Thirteen studies considered diabetes as a risk factor in multivariable analysis; 85% found a significant association with SSI, with odds ratios ranging from 1.5-24.3. Longer surgeries were associated with increased SSI risk, with a median odds ratio of 2.3 across 11 studies reporting significant results.Conclusions and Relevance
In a broad review of published literature, risk factors for SSI were characterized as describing reduced fitness, patient frailty, surgery duration, and complexity. Recognition of risk factors frequently associated with SSI allows for identification of such patients with the greatest need for optimal preventive measures to be identified and pre-treatment prior to surgery. 相似文献12.
E. Catão A. P. Castro C. C. Barreto R. H. Krüger C. M. Kyaw 《Archives of microbiology》2013,195(7):507-512
Although the richness of Bacteria and Fungi in Cerrado’ soils has been reported, here we report, for the first time, the archaeal community in Cerrado’s soils. DNA extracted from soil of two distinct vegetation types, a dense subtype of sensu strict (cerrado denso) and riverbank forest (mata de galeria), was used to amplify Archaea-specific 16S rRNA gene. All of the fragments sequenced were classified as Archaea into the phylum Thaumarchaeota, predominantly affiliated to groups I.1b and I.1c. Sequences affiliated to the group I.1a were found only in the soil from riverbank forest. Soils from ‘cerrado denso’ had greater Archaea richness than those from ‘mata de galeria’ based on the richness indexes and on the rarefaction curve. β-Diversity analysis showed significant differences between the sequences from the two soil areas studied because of their different thaumarchaeal group composition. These results provide information about the third domain of life from Cerrado soils. 相似文献
13.
Aung Than Melvin Khee-Shing Leow Peng Chen 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(22):15520-15531
Angiotensin II (AngII), a peptide hormone released by adipocytes, can be catabolized by adipose angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to form Ang(1–7). Co-expression of AngII receptors (AT1 and AT2) and Ang(1–7) receptors (Mas) in adipocytes implies the autocrine regulation of the local angiotensin system upon adipocyte functions, through yet unknown interactive mechanisms. In the present study, we reveal the adipogenic effects of Ang(1–7) through activation of Mas receptor and its subtle interplays with the antiadipogenic AngII-AT1 signaling pathways. Specifically, in human and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, Ang(1–7)-Mas signaling promotes adipogenesis via activation of PI3K/Akt and inhibition of MAPK kinase/ERK pathways, and Ang(1–7)-Mas antagonizes the antiadipogenic effect of AngII-AT1 by inhibiting the AngII-AT1-triggered MAPK kinase/ERK pathway. The autocrine regulation of the AngII/AT1-ACE2-Ang(1–7)/Mas axis upon adipogenesis has also been revealed. This study suggests the importance of the local regulation of the delicately balanced angiotensin system upon adipogenesis and its potential as a novel therapeutic target for obesity and related metabolic disorders. 相似文献
14.
The mechanisms by which molecular motors associate with specific cargo is a central problem in cell organization. The kinesin-like protein Smy1 of budding yeast was originally identified by the ability of elevated levels to suppress a conditional myosin-V mutation (myo2-66), but its function with Myo2 remained mysterious. Subsequently, Myo2 was found to provide an essential role in delivery of secretory vesicles for polarized growth and in the transport of mitochondria for segregation. By isolating and characterizing myo2 smy1 conditional mutants, we uncover the molecular function of Smy1 as a factor that enhances the association of Myo2 with its receptor, the Rab Sec4, on secretory vesicles. The tail of Smy1—which binds Myo2—its central dimerization domain, and its kinesin-like head domain are all necessary for this function. Consistent with this model, overexpression of full-length Smy1 enhances the number of Sec4 receptors and Myo2 motors per transporting secretory vesicle. Rab proteins Sec4 and Ypt11, receptors for essential transport of secretory vesicles and mitochondria, respectively, bind the same region on Myo2, yet Smy1 functions selectively in the transport of secretory vesicles. Thus a kinesin-related protein can function intimately with a myosin-V and its receptor in the transport of a specific cargo. 相似文献
15.
Charles M. Peters Andrew Henderson U Myint Maung U Saw Lwin U Tin Maung Ohn U Kyaw Lwin U Tun Shaung 《Economic botany》2007,61(1):3-13
Although Myanmar exports millions of dollars of rattan cane each year, the last systematic treatment of rattans in this country
was done over 100 years ago, and virtually nothing has been written about the collection and trade of this important forest
resource. Here we report the results from a study of rattans in the Hukaung Valley Tiger Reserve in northern Myanmar. A total
of 15 species of rattan were encountered; seven species are new records for Myanmar and two species are new to science. Inventory
transects revealed that the density of commercial rattans in local forests averages 40.5 canes ≽4m long/hectare. Populations
of all species appear to be actively regenerating. The current pattern of rattan exploitation, however, is largely uncontrolled
and will eventually lead to resource depletion unless some form of management is implemented. 相似文献
16.
17.
Novel microbial nitrogen removal processes 总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47
The present-day wastewater treatment practices can be significantly improved through the introduction of new microbial treatment technologies. Recently, several new processes for nitrogen removal have been developed. These new nitrogen removal technologies provide practicable options for treating nitrogen-laden wastewaters. The new processes are based on partial nitrification of ammonium to nitrite combined with anaerobic ammonium oxidation. These processes include the single reactor system for high ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) process, which involves part conversion of ammonium to nitrite; the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process, which involves anaerobic ammonium oxidation; and the completely autographic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, which involves nitrogen removal within one reactor under oxygen-limited conditions. These new processes target the removal of nitrogen from wastewaters containing significant quantities of ammonium. 相似文献
18.
Sakasai M Fukui H Yamane H Kyaw AN Tahara S 《Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences》2000,55(3-4):165-174
Two novel isoflavonoid dimers presumably originating from 2'-hydroxygenistein, 5,7,4'-trihydroxycoumaranochroman-4-one-(3-->5"')-5",7",2"'4"'- tetrahydroxyisoflavone (1, lupinalbisone A) and 5,7,4'-trihydroxycoumaranochroman-4-one-(3-6")-5",7",2"',4"'-te trahydroxyisoflavone (2, lupinalbisone B) were isolated from the roots of Lupinus albus L., and their structures involving relative stereochemistry were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Using horse radish peroxidase and 2'-hydroxygenistein (3) as the substrate revealed the formation of these dimers together with 5,7,4'-trihydroxycoumaronochromone (4, lupinalbin A). Dimerization of 3 caused a remarkable increase of antifungal activity. 相似文献
19.
Dharap AS Sharma HS Than M 《Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur》2000,58(3):309-315
The incidence of ear lobe crease (ELC) was studied in 1576 healthy Malay subjects (566 males and 1010 females), randomly selected from the residents of Kota Bharu, Malaysia. ELC was present in 31.1% of males and in 3.6% of females; this difference in incidence between the two sexes is statistically significant (p > 0.05). In males the incidence of Type I crease was highest (10.1%) while that of Type III crease was lowest (2.3%). In females Type II crease showed the highest incidence (1.9%) and Type III the lowest. The incidence of bilateral presence of all three types of ELC showed an age-related increase in males. The ELC often starts unilaterally and later develops bilaterally and earlier in males than in females. 相似文献
20.
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw Anthony D. Harries Palanivel Chinnakali Annick Antierens Kyi Pyar Soe Mike Woodman Mrinalini Das Sharmila Shetty Moe Khine Lwin Zuu Pyae Sone Htwe Marcelo Fernandez 《PloS one》2015,10(8)