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621.
Walker James C.; Kurtz Daniel B.; Shore F.Mitchell; Ogden Michael W.; Reynolds John H. IV 《Chemical senses》1990,15(2):165-177
An automated system for the measurement of the psychophysicaland physiological responses of humans to odorant stimulationof the nose and eyes is described. All aspects of the generationand production of odor stimuli, the recording of physiologicaland psychophysical responses of the subjects and the storageof data are managed by an Apple He computer. Both the nasaland ocular olfactometers are based on electronic mass flow controllerswhich are used to control the ratios of volume flow rates ofclean and odorant-saturated air. The output of each olfactometeris measured by a photo-ionization detector. Odor stimuli aredelivered to custom-fitted face masks, that allow separate stimulationof the nose and eyes, through Teflon (rtm) flow valves. A videocamera records the responses of the eyes and a pneumotachograph,in combination with a pressure transducer, records changes inrespiratory behavior. An electronic mouse is used to enter thesubject's psychophysical responses directly into the computer.The advantages of this methodology and its current and potentialapplications are discussed. 相似文献
622.
George T. Cicila Oksana I. Dukhanina Theodore W. Kurtz Roxanne Walder Michael R. Garrett Howard Dene John P. Rapp 《Mammalian genome》1997,8(12):896-902
11β-hydroxylase (Cyp11b1) mutations were previously linked to altered steroid biosynthesis and blood pressure in Dahl salt-resistant (R) and Dahl
salt-sensitive (S) rats. In the present work, interval mapping identified a putative blood pressure quantitative trait locus
(QTL) near Cyp11b1 in an F1(S×R)×S population (LOD = 2.0). Congenic rats (designated S.R-Cyp11b) were constructed by introgressing the R-rat Cyp11b1 allele into the S strain. S.R-Cyp11b rats had significantly lower blood pressure and heart weight compared with S rats, proving
the existence of a blood pressure QTL on Chromosome (Chr) 7 despite the fact that QTL linkage analysis of blood pressure never
achieved stringent statistical criteria for significance. To test the effects of the introgressed region on blood pressure
and survival, S.R.-Cyp11b and S rats were maintained on a 4% NaCl diet until they died or became moribund. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) indicated significant strain differences in blood pressure and days survived (P < 0.0001 for both) as well as gender
differences in days survived (P = 0.0003). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also found significant strain (P < 0.0001) and gender
(P = 0.007) differences in days survived. However, when the effects of blood pressure were removed, significant strain differences
in survival essentially disappeared. This suggests that the increased survival of S.R-Cyp11b rats was largely due to their
decreased blood pressure and thus strongly corroborates the existence of a blood pressure QTL on Chr 7 near or at Cyp11b1.
Received: 7 April 1997 / Accepted: 10 August 1997 相似文献