Über die genetischen Ursachen der Samenbildung

Zusammenfassung Innerhalb von Primula malacoides Franchet wurden zwischen verschiedenen Formen Valenzkreuzungen durchgeführt. Es traten 2x-, 3x-, 4x- und 5x-Pflanzen auf. An der Entstehung dieser Valenztypen sind sowohl reduzierte als auch unreduzierte Gameten beteiligt. Auf Grund der erzielten Kreuzungsergebnisse wird versucht, Rückschlüsse auf die genetischen Ursachen der Samenbildung zu ziehen.Es wird angenommen, daß der jeweiligen Konstitution des Endosperms eine vorrangige Bedeutung für die Entstehung von lebensfähigen Samen zukommt.

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On the genetic causes of seed formation

Summary New crossings were made between different diploid and polyploid forms of Primula malacoides Franchet. 2x, 3x, 4x and 5x plants appeared. Both reduced and unreduced gametes participated in the formation of these types. Based on the results conclusions are drawn about the genetic causes of seed development. It is suggested that the endosperm constitution has prime importance for the development of viable seeds.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. Hans Stubbe zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Quedlinburger Beiträge zur Züchtungsforschung Nr. 78.     

Zytologische Beobachtungen an der hyperplastischen Nebennierenrinde des Menschen

Summary Clinical observations and the light and electron microscopic appearance of the adrenal cortex are described in a case of Cushing's disease associated with adrenocortical hyperplasia and a basophilic adenoma of the pituitary gland. The electron microscopic investigation concentrates upon the occurrence of osmiophil material in the different cytoplasmic compartments of the cell type rich in organelles and relatively poor in paraplasmic inclusions. It seems that the observation of osmiophil material in the perinuclear space, the mitochondrial matrix, Golgi vacuoles, and cytoplasmic vesicles has been made possible by a rather long fixation in Wohlfarth-Bottermann's chromium-osmium fixative. Mitochondria and related particles (named X-Einschlüsse) may contain a light center with a few dense filaments and masses resembling those described by other authors as being of deoxyribonucleic acid nature. Relatively large Golgi complexes are found, sometimes in close topographic relation with a centriole. A large population of osmiophil bodies (lipid droplets, pigment granules, microbodies) is described. Apart from these findings the cytoplasmic organization in the tissue studied is similar to that of the adrenal cortex as described in other mammals. The observations are discussed with respect to hypotheses about lipid droplet formation and to the possibility of artifacts due to preparation procedures.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. med. W. Bargmann zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. — Herrn Prof. Dr. E. Uehlinger, Direktor des Pathologischen Instituts der Universität Zürich, danken wir für die Überlassung des Materials und für die freundlicherweise zur Verfügung gestellte pathologisch-anatomische Diagnose, dem Schweizerischen Nationalfonds für die Unterstützung und Frau Jäger, Mlle. Challamel und Herrn Krieger für die Ausführung der histologischen und photographischen Arbeiten.     

Über Gefässpaare im Gehirn der Katze

Summary Paired vessels, consisting of one artery and one vein, have so far only been described in the brains of some lower vertebrates and in the brains of marsupials (opossum). However, as shown in this paper, similar vessels also occur in the medulla oblongata, midbrain, hypothalamus, septum pellucidum, hippocampus and in the olfactory lobe of the cat's brain. In the neocortex and in the cerebellum no such vessels could be traced.—Whereas some paired vessels are first surrounded by connective tissue (Virchow-Robin's space) and then by a layer of glial fibres, most of the vessels are only ensheathed by a coat of glial fibres. These and other histological details are described and some functional implications are discussed under the assumption that the paired vessels allow diffusion of blood gases between venous and arterial blood and vice versa.

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Mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Kurze Mitteilungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Doppelbrechung des Schleimes vonTilia ulmifolia Scop

Zusammenfassung Die Schleimzellen aus dem Rindenparenchym der Blattstiele vonTilia ulmifolia werden mit dem Polarisationsmikroskop untersucht. Der zellulosefreie Pektinschleim ist anisotrop und zeigt negatives Vorzeichen in bezug auf die Tangente an die Zellwand. Imbibition und Untersuchung von Schleimf?den lassen auf konzentrische Lagerung der Bausteine mit negativer Eigendoppelbrechung schlie?en. Es ist dies der zweite Fall, da? natürliches Pektin seine Doppelbrechung ohne Vorbehandlung zeigt. Es wird festgestellt, da? die Eigendoppelbrechung desTilia-Schleimes gegenüber den Literaturangaben über doppelbrechende natürliche Pektingele deutlich h?her liegt, was auf bessere Orientierung oder verst?rkte Eigendoppel-brechung zurückgeführt wird. Mit 1 Textabbildung     

Lipoide als zytochemisches Substrat der Bindungsorte basischer Vitalfarbstoffe in Blut-, Epithel- und Tumorzellen

Zusammenfassung Die zytochemische Natur der Anreicherungsorte basischer Vitalfarbstoffe (Akridinorange, Nilblausulfat und Neutralrot) im Zytoplasma von Blutplättchen, Leukozyten, Mäuseaszites-Tumorzellen und Epithelzellen wurde untersucht. Dabei stellte sich heraus, daß bei allen untersuchten Zelltypen Phospholipoide oder Phospholipoproteide als Substrat der umschriebenen Farbstoffbindung in lysosomalen Zellstrukturen dienen. Die Supravitalfärbung mit basischen Farbstoffen ist demnach als zytochemischer Lipoidnachweis geeignet, wenn unter bestimmten Bedingungen und unter Einhaltung eines definierten Färbestadiums (Stadium der granulären oder vakuolären Farbstoffverteilung) beobachtet wird. Auf die methodischen Vorteile der Supravitalfärbung wird hingewiesen.

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Summary The cytochemical character of the substrat for basic vital dyes (acridine orange, nil blue sulfate, neutral red) has been studied in the cytoplasma of blood platelets, leucocytes, Ehrlich Ascites tumor cells and epithelial cells. It could be demonstrated that the vital dyes are bound to lysosomal phospholipids or phospholipoproteins in the different cell types. Supravital staining with basic dyes is therefore considered to be a useful method for identifying lipid material in cytology, provided defined conditions and stades of staining are observed. The advantages of the proposed method are discussed.

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Stipendiat der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Specification methods for material-handling control algorithms in flexible manufacturing systems

Good methods are needed to specify, test, and debug material-handling control logic. This article surveys a number of representative methods for defining and describing control algorithms for programmable material-handling equipment used in flexible manufacturing systems. The methods are evaluated with regard to their suitability for communication between people and as bases for interfaces to automatic program generators. It is concluded that no single method is entirely satisfactory. Three methods (position diagrams, function block diagrams, and operation networks) have potential to be combined into an effective hybrid approach that minimizes the need for the user to switch between various conceptual models.     

Catabolic Regulation of the Expression of the Major Myelin Glycoprotein by Schwann Cells in Culture

Previous studies have suggested that neonatal Schwann cell cultures deprived of axonal contact do not express components of the myelin membrane, including the major myelin glycoprotein, P0. In contrast, Schwann cells from permanently transected, adult nerve exhibit continued biosynthesis of P0 after culture, suggesting that the ability to express the myelin glycoprotein may depend on the degree of cellular differentiation. To examine further the ability of Schwann cell cultures to express P0 as a function of age, we have performed precursor incorporation studies on endoneurial explants from 4- to 12-day-old rat sciatic nerves after 5 days in culture. The data reveal that explants from 12-day-old animals synthesize detectable levels of this integral myelin protein when assayed by [3H]mannose incorporation, even though there is no apparent myelin assembly in the cultures. Pulse-chase analysis of cultures from 12-day-old rats demonstrates that [3H]mannose-labeled P0 is substantially degraded within 3 h. This catabolism largely can be prevented by the addition of swainsonine, ammonium chloride, or L-methionine methyl ester to the pulse-chase media. The former agent alters oligosaccharide processing whereas the latter two compounds inhibit lysosomal function. The P0 synthesized by the 12-day explant cultures following the addition of swainsonine is readily fucosylated, implying that the protein has progressed at least as far as the medial Golgi before its exit and subsequent catabolism. If cultures from 4-, 6-, and 8-day-old animals are analyzed for P0 biosynthesis by [3H]mannose incorporation in the presence of swainsonine, detectable levels of the glycoprotein are seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)