Carcinogenicities of heterocyclic amines in cooked food

Mutagenic heterocyclic amines in cooked foods were carcinogenic to mice, rats and/or monkeys, when they were given orally continuously. The most common target organ was the liver, but in CDF1 mice lung tumors, forestomach tumors, lymphomas/leukemias, and blood vessel tumors in the brown adipose tissues were also induced. In F344 rats, in addition to liver tumors, tumors in the Zymbal gland, skin, clitoral gland, small and large intestines, oral cavity, and mammary gland were also induced. Monkeys given IQ developed metastatic hepatocellular carcinomas.     

Methodische Fortschritte bei der Eisenstoffwechseluntersuchung mit Radioeisen (59Fe)-und Radioehrom (51Cr)-markierten Erythrozyten

Ohne ZusammenfassungHerrn Prof. Dr.Boeis Rajewsky zum 70. Geburtstag in Verehrung und Dankbarkeit gewidmet.     

Phenotypic Change of an SV40-Transformed Mouse Macrophage Line,BB-W-531–2, Induced by Different Cultural Methods

A simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed macrophage clone which was established from BALB/cAnN mouse bone marrow cells was used to study the effect of different cultural conditions on the expression of macrophage properties. The macrophage clone, BB-W-531–2 line, expressed and maintained the macrophage properties, immune phagocytosis or Fc- and complement receptors, under the growth-inhibiting conditions of confluent density and of cultivation on bacteriologic dishes with reduced adhesiveness. However, the cells lost their ability to express the macrophage properties dependent upon cell density after repeated culture splits in the growing phase. These cells regained that ability when they were cocultured with cells having macrophage properties. These results suggest that there is a possible correlation between reduced multiplication and the expression of macrophage properties, and that macrophage properties which have been suppressed or blocked may be induced by diffusible factor(s) produced by macrophages.     

Improved and efficient synthesis of 1alpha-hydroxy-[6-(2)H] and 1alpha-hydroxy-[6,19,19-(2)H]vitamin D3 derivatives.

Improved and efficient procedures for deuterium-labeling at the 6,19,19 positions of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 derivatives via its sulfur dioxide-adduct by using a base-catalyzed H-D exchange reaction are described. Application of the known procedure using tBuOK/DMF-D2O, which is effective for labeling vitamin D3 derivatives, to 1alpha-hydroxy compounds gave only poor results because of isomerization and decomposition. We found that this procedure is improved by the use of iPrONa/iPrOD. During this study, we also found that the 6-monodeuterated product was selectively obtained when MeONa/CD3OD was employed instead of iPrONa/iPrOD. On the other hand, simple addition of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone as a co-solvent to the above conditions was effective for 1alpha,25-dihydroxy compounds. These improved procedures were successfully applied to the synthesis of 1alpha-hydroxy-[6,19,19-(2)H]vitamin D3 derivatives 4 and 1alpha-hydroxy-[6-(2)H]vitamin D3 derivatives 6 from the corresponding 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 derivatives 1 via its sulfur dioxide-adducts 2, 3 and 5 in good over-all yield with high deuterium incorporation.     

Prorocentrum minimum bloom and its possible link to a massive fish kill in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Northern Philippines

For the first time, a Prorocentrum minimum bloom at a maximum cell density of 4.7 × 10⁵ cells/L was recorded on January 31 to February 4, 2002 at Bolinao, Pangasinan, Northern Philippines where intensive and extensive aquaculture of Chanos chanos (milkfish) in fish pens and cages has been practiced for years now. The fish kill, which lasted almost simultaneously with the bloom of the organism had its peak when the organisms bloom was declining. Lack of oxygen in the cages and pens was the fundamental cause of the fish kill. Losses due to the fish kill were estimated at six million pesos (equivalent to US$ 120,000), which includes only the worth of dead cultivated fish. Lack of oxygen in the cages and pens was the fundamental cause of the fish kill, and toxicity of the Prorocentrum could not be confirmed. The cells had minute spinules equally all over the surface of valves. Intercalary striae were wide with many ridges perpendicular to valve margin. Outline of cells was rounder than typical P. minimum cells and similar to P. balticum. Recommendations for future research on the organism are incorporated together with monitoring and management interventions in order to mitigate or possibly prevent damages in similar future events.