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91.
Naoya Otomo Hiroji Sato Sadao Sakamura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(3):861-863
Theaspirane has been found as a naturally occurring substance in raspberry, yellow passion fruit and tea.1) The synthesis of theaspirane has been reported by some investigators.2) We now report a new synthesis of theaspirane from β-ionone through dihydro-β-ionol.When two equivalents of aluminium chloride hexahyd-rate (A1C13-6H20) is present in sodium-ammonia reduction, β-ionone (1) can be efficiently reduced to dihydro-β-iaonol (2). The bromination of 2 using cupric bromide, followed by dehydrobromination in the presence of calcium carbonate, affords a mixture of (E)-theaspirane and (Z)-theaspirane. The process of synthesis is outlined in Scheme 1. 相似文献
92.
Yinting Guo Kaijun Niu Haruki Momma Yoritoshi Kobayashi Masahiko Chujo Atsushi Otomo Shin Fukudo Ryoichi Nagatomi 《PloS one》2014,9(11)
Irritable bowel syndrome is a common gastrointestinal disorder that may affect dietary pattern, food digestion, and nutrient absorption. The nutrition-related factors are closely related to metabolic syndrome, implying that irritable bowel syndrome may be a potential risk factor for metabolic syndrome. However, few epidemiological studies are available which are related to this potential link. The purpose of this study is to determine whether irritable bowel syndrome is related to metabolic syndrome among middle-aged people. We designed a cross-sectional study of 1,096 subjects to evaluate the relationship between irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic syndrome and its components. Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome was based on the Japanese version of the Rome III Questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the American Heart Association scientific statements of 2009. Dietary consumption was assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Principal-components analysis was used to derive 3 major dietary patterns: “Japanese”, “sweets-fruits”, and “Izakaya (Japanese Pub) “from 39 food groups. The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic syndrome were 19.4% and 14.6%, respectively. No significant relationship was found between the dietary pattern factor score tertiles and irritable bowel syndrome. After adjustment for potential confounders (including dietary pattern), the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having metabolic syndrome and elevated triglycerides for subjects with irritable bowel syndrome as compared with non-irritable bowel syndrome are 2.01(1.13–3.55) and 1.50(1.03–2.18), respectively. Irritable bowel syndrome is significantly related to metabolic syndrome and it components. This study is the first to show that irritable bowel syndrome was significantly related to a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and elevated triglycerides among an adult population. The findings suggest that the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome may be a potentially beneficial factor for the prevention of metabolic syndrome. Further study is needed to clarify this association. 相似文献
93.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a selective loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Creation of transgenic mice expressing mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), as ALS models, has made an enormous impact on progress of the ALS studies. Recently, it has been recognized that genetic background and gender affect many physiological and pathological phenotypes. However, no systematic studies focusing on such effects using ALS models other than SOD1(G93A) mice have been conducted. To clarify the effects of genetic background and gender on gross phenotypes among different ALS models, we here conducted a comparative analysis of growth curves and lifespans using congenic lines of SOD1(G93A) and SOD1(H46R) mice on two different genetic backgrounds; C57BL/6N (B6) and FVB/N (FVB). Copy number of the transgene and their expression between SOD1(G93A) and SOD1(H46R) lines were comparable. B6 congenic mutant SOD1 transgenic lines irrespective of their mutation and gender differences lived longer than corresponding FVB lines. Notably, the G93A mutation caused severer disease phenotypes than did the H46R mutation, where SOD1(G93A) mice, particularly on a FVB background, showed more extensive body weight loss and earlier death. Gender effect on survival also solely emerged in FVB congenic SOD1(G93A) mice. Conversely, consistent with our previous study using B6 lines, lack of Als2, a murine homolog for the recessive juvenile ALS causative gene, in FVB congenic SOD1(H46R), but not SOD1(G93A), mice resulted in an earlier death, implying a genetic background-independent but mutation-dependent phenotypic modification. These results indicate that SOD1(G93A)- and SOD1(H46R)-mediated toxicity and their associated pathogenic pathways are not identical. Further, distinctive injurious effects resulted from different SOD1 mutations, which are associated with genetic background and/or gender, suggests the presence of several genetic modifiers of disease expression in the mouse genome. 相似文献
94.
Effector-mediated suppression of chitin-triggered immunity by magnaporthe oryzae is necessary for rice blast disease 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Mentlak TA Kombrink A Shinya T Ryder LS Otomo I Saitoh H Terauchi R Nishizawa Y Shibuya N Thomma BP Talbot NJ 《The Plant cell》2012,24(1):322-335
Plants use pattern recognition receptors to defend themselves from microbial pathogens. These receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate signaling pathways that lead to immunity. In rice (Oryza sativa), the chitin elicitor binding protein (CEBiP) recognizes chitin oligosaccharides released from the cell walls of fungal pathogens. Here, we show that the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae overcomes this first line of plant defense by secreting an effector protein, Secreted LysM Protein1 (Slp1), during invasion of new rice cells. We demonstrate that Slp1 accumulates at the interface between the fungal cell wall and the rice plasma membrane, can bind to chitin, and is able to suppress chitin-induced plant immune responses, including generation of reactive oxygen species and plant defense gene expression. Furthermore, we show that Slp1 competes with CEBiP for binding of chitin oligosaccharides. Slp1 is required by M. oryzae for full virulence and exerts a significant effect on tissue invasion and disease lesion expansion. By contrast, gene silencing of CEBiP in rice allows M. oryzae to cause rice blast disease in the absence of Slp1. We propose that Slp1 sequesters chitin oligosaccharides to prevent PAMP-triggered immunity in rice, thereby facilitating rapid spread of the fungus within host tissue. 相似文献
95.
Kuni H. Iwasa 《Biophysical journal》2021,120(1):122-132
96.
Sato T Maekawa S Yasuda S Domeki Y Sueyoshi K Fujiwara M Fukao Y Goto DB Yamaguchi J 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2011,68(1):137-146
The balance between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) availability is an important determinant for various phases of plant growth; however, the detailed mechanisms regulating the C/N response are not well understood. We previously described two related ubiquitin ligases, ATL31 and ATL6, that function in the C/N response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we used FLAG tag affinity purification and MS analysis to identify proteins targeted by ATL31, and thus likely to be involved in regulating the phase transition checkpoint based on C/N status. This analysis revealed that 14-3-3 proteins were associated with ATL31, and one of these, 14-3-3χ, was selected for detailed characterization. The interaction between ATL31 and 14-3-3χ was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analyses. In vitro assays showed that ubiquitination of 14-3-3χ is catalyzed by ATL31. Degradation of 14-3-3χin vivo was shown to be correlated with ATL31 activity, and to occur in a proteasome-dependent manner. Furthermore, 14-3-3 protein accumulation was induced by a shift to high-C/N stress conditions in Arabidopsis seedlings, and this regulated response required both ATL31 and ATL6. It was also shown that over-expression of 14-3-3χ leads to hypersensitivity of Arabidopsis seedlings to C/N stress conditions. These results indicate that ATL31 targets and ubiquitinates 14-3-3 proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system during the response to cellular C/N status. 相似文献
97.
Satoshi Hirose Hiroko M. Kimura Koji Jimura Akira Kunimatsu Osamu Abe Kuni Ohtomo Yasushi Miyashita Seiki Konishi 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Episodic memory retrieval most often recruits multiple separate processes that are thought to involve different temporal regions. Previous studies suggest dissociable regions in the left lateral parietal cortex that are associated with the retrieval processes. Moreover, studies using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) have provided evidence for the temporo-parietal memory networks that may support the retrieval processes. In this functional MRI study, we tested functional significance of the memory networks by examining functional connectivity of brain activity during episodic retrieval in the temporal and parietal regions of the memory networks. Recency judgments, judgments of the temporal order of past events, can be achieved by at least two retrieval processes, relational and item-based. Neuroimaging results revealed several temporal and parietal activations associated with relational/item-based recency judgments. Significant RSFC was observed between one parahippocampal region and one left lateral parietal region associated with relational recency judgments, and between four lateral temporal regions and another left lateral parietal region associated with item-based recency judgments. Functional connectivity during task was found to be significant between the parahippocampal region and the parietal region in the RSFC network associated with relational recency judgments. However, out of the four tempo-parietal RSFC networks associated with item-based recency judgments, only one of them (between the left posterior lateral temporal region and the left lateral parietal region) showed significant functional connectivity during task. These results highlight the contrasting roles of the parahippocampal and the lateral temporal regions in recency judgments, and suggest that only a part of the tempo-parietal RSFC networks are recruited to support particular retrieval processes. 相似文献
98.
Hiroshi Igaki Akira Sakumi Akitake Mukasa Kuniaki Saito Akira Kunimatsu Yoshitaka Masutani Shunya Hanakita Kenji Ino Akihiro Haga Keiichi Nakagawa Kuni Ohtomo 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2014,19(5):310-316
Aim
To establish intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning procedures that spare the corticospinal tract by integrating diffusion tensor tractography into the treatment planning software.Background
Organs at risk are generally contoured according to the outline of the organ as demonstrated by CT or MRI. But a part of the organ with specific function is difficult to protect, because such functional part of the organ cannot be delineated on CT or conventional sequence of MRI.Methods
Diagnostic and treatment planning images of glioblastoma patients who had been treated by conventional 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy were used for re-planning of IMRT. Three-dimensional fiber maps of the corticospinal tracts were created from the diffusion tensors obtained from the patients before the surgery, and were blended with the anatomical MR images (i.e. gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images or T2-weighted images). DICOM-formatted blended images were transferred and fused to the planning CT images. Then, IMRT plans were attempted.Results
The corticospinal tracts could be contoured as organs at risk (OARs), because the blended images contained both anatomical information and fiber-tract maps. Other OARs were contoured in a way similar to that of ordinary IMRT planning. Gross tumor volumes, clinical target volumes, planning target volumes, and other OARs were contoured on the treatment planning software, and IMRT plans were made.Conclusions
IMRT plans with diminished doses to the corticospinal tract were attained. This technique enabled us to spare specific neuron fibers as OARs which were formerly “invisible” and to reduce the probability of late morbidities. 相似文献99.
Difference in cesium accumulation among rice cultivars grown in the paddy field in Fukushima Prefecture in 2011 and 2012 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yoshihiro Ohmori Yayoi Inui Masataka Kajikawa Atsumi Nakata Naoyuki Sotta Koji Kasai Shimpei Uraguchi Nobuhiro Tanaka Sho Nishida Takahiro Hasegawa Takuya Sakamoto Yuko Kawara Kayoko Aizawa Haruka Fujita Ke Li Naoya Sawaki Koshiro Oda Ryuichiro Futagoishi Takahiro Tsusaka Satomi Takahashi Junpei Takano Shinji Wakuta Akira Yoshinari Masataka Uehara Shigeki Takada Hayato Nagano Kyoko Miwa Izumi Aibara Takuya Ojima Kaoru Ebana Satoru Ishikawa Kuni Sueyoshi Hiroshi Hasegawa Tetsuro Mimura Mari Mimura Natsuko I. Kobayashi Jun Furukawa Daisuke Kobayashi Toshiyasu Okouchi Keitaro Tanoi Toru Fujiwara 《Journal of plant research》2014,127(1):57-66
After the accident of the Fukushima 1 Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011, radioactive cesium was released and paddy fields in a wide area including Fukushima Prefecture were contaminated. To estimate the levels of radioactive Cs accumulation in rice produced in Fukushima, it is crucial to obtain the actual data of Cs accumulation levels in rice plants grown in the actual paddy field in Fukushima City. We herein conducted a two-year survey in 2011 and 2012 of radioactive and non-radioactive Cs accumulation in rice using a number of rice cultivars grown in the paddy field in Fukushima City. Our study demonstrated a substantial variation in Cs accumulation levels among the cultivars of rice. 相似文献
100.
Haruki Momma Kaijun Niu Yoritoshi Kobayashi Cong Huang Atsushi Otomo Masahiko Chujo Hiroko Tadaura Ryoichi Nagatomi 《PloS one》2014,9(4)