Single genetic stock of kawakawa Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) along the Indian coast inferred from sequence analyses of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis is an epipelagic migratory tuna species, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. Kawakawa constitutes the largest tuna fishery in the Indian waters. In the present study, genetic variation was assessed using sequence analyses of Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region. A 500 bp segment of D-loop region was sequenced in 400 samples collected from eight localities (Veraval (VE), Ratnagiri (RA), Kochi (KO), Kavaratti (KA), Port-Blair (PB), Tuticorin (TU), Pondicherry (PO), and Vizag (VI)) along the Indian coast. Analysis of molecular variance of mtDNA data revealed no significant genetic differentiation among sites the (Φ _ST ?=?0.0028, P?=?0.20723) indicating a single population along the Indian coast. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no obvious phylogeographic pattern separating the eight samples of kawakawa. However, the genealogical relationships demonstrated that mtDNA D-loop sequences belong to two different clades (clade I and clade II). Clade I is the major clade which consists of more than 98?% specimens from each regional population while clade II has individuals from only three populations (VE, PO, and VI). Results of genetic analyses of the present study support a single stock management of kawakawa along the Indian coast.     

Preparation and characterization of nano-cellulose with new shape from different precursor

Three different precursor materials – 1. China cotton, 2. South African cotton, 3. Waste tissue papers were used to produce nano-cellulose by acid hydrolysis route. No chemical pretreatment has been done for the production of nano-cellulose from these precursors. Prepared nano-cellulose and their corresponding precursor materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) study, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis and Fourier transformed infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy. A comparative study of the characteristics was done with the properties of raw materials and with that of nano-cellulose. Shape and size of the nano cellulose generally depends on nature of the precursor and hydrolysis condition. Morphology study of nano-cellulose from different sources revealed range of length from 50 to 200 nm and diameter from 10 to 90 nm. Higher thermal stability and crystallinity of nano-cellulose were observed compared to that of precursor from TGA/DSC study.     

Purification and characterization of tubulin from mung bean (Vigna radiata)

Tubulin has been purified from mung bean seedling by Zn²⁺-induced polymerization. Both α- and β-subunits of mung bean tubulin are different from those of brain tubulin in electrophoretic mobility, colchicine binding and peptide map. Heterogeneity of mung bean tubulin has also been documented suggesting diversification of tubulin despite its conserved nature in general.     

Herbometallic nano-drug inducing metastatic growth inhibition in breast cancer through intracellular energy depletion

Molecular Biology Reports - Cancer cells need extensive energy supply for their uncontrolled cell division and metastasis which is exclusively dependent on neighboring cells, especially adipocytes....     

Withaferin A mitigates metastatic traits in human oral squamous cell carcinoma caused by aberrant claudin-1 expression

Abnormal expression of claudin-1 (CLDN1) has important roles in carcinogenesis and metastasis in various cancers. The role of CLDN1 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. Here, we report the functional role of CLDN1 in metastasis of human OSCC, as a potential target regulated by withaferin A. From gene expression profiling with microarray technology, we found that the majority of notable differentially expressed genes were classified into migration/invasion category. Withaferin A impaired the motility of human OSCC cells in vitro and suppressed metastatic nodule formation in an in vivo metastasis model, both associated with reduced CLDN1. CLDN1 overexpression enhanced metastatic nodule formation in vivo, resulting in severe metastatic lesions in lung tissue. Moreover, CLDN1 expression was positively correlated to lymphatic metastasis in OSCC patients. The impaired motility of human OSCC cells upon withaferin A treatment was restored by CLDN1 overexpression. Furthermore, upregulation of let-7a induced by withaferin A was inversely correlated to CLDN1 expression. Overall, these give us an insight into the function of CLDN1 for prognosis and treatment of human OSCC, substantiating further investigation into the use of withaferin A as good anti-metastatic drug candidate.

Graphical abstract

     

Characterisation,applicability and defect analysis for tiles nanostructure of quantum dot cellular automata

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging technology for nanoscale computing. In this paper, our contribution is to enhance the applicability of 3 × 3 tile nanostructure in QCA. We introduced few novel 3 × 3 active-type tiles, namely triple fan-output tiles or butterfly tile, five-input majority voter (MV) and fault-tolerant 3 × 3 tile-coupled majority–minority voter. We also explored the cascading effect on 3 × 3 tile. Triple fan-out tile is applicable to drive three outputs simultaneously. Five-input MV, which is another active-type tile we proposed, is applicable for designing five-variable or five addressing, advanced computations. In passive-type 3 × 3 tiles, we introduce symmetrical baseline tiles and asymmetrical fully populated fan-in tiles. QCA design was found to be having high error during fabrication of device. We made exhaustive simulation for analysing the defect that can occur during fabrication process. Defects such as extra cell deposition, missing cell deposition and displaced cell deposition for QCA are prone to occur. Fault analyses of the above-mentioned 3 × 3 tiles are performed. We also focused on the effect of extra dot or missing dot deposition, during the chemical synthesis phase.