Entry of cyclic nucleotides into frog muscles in vivo and in vitro

The radioactive isotopes of cyclic nucleotides were used to study the possibility of their income to the isolated frog muscle from the environment as well as their distribution between blood plasma and muscle after injection to an animal. It is shown that the intracellular levels of nucleotides may be considerably higher after soaking the isolated muscle in 10(-6) M cGMP or 10(-4) cAMP solutions. After the cAMP injection into the lymphatic sac its content in blood and especially in muscles is high for a long time. In this case the label loss in muscles proceeds slower than in blood. A conclusion is drawn that conduction of studies on the artificial increase of the intracellular level of cyclic nucleotides by means of their injection to an animal is appropriate.     

A cytochemical study of binaurally converging connections in the nuclei of the cat superior olive]

Experiments of binaurally converging connections on the level of the superior olive nuclei was carried out on anesthetized cats by the method of quantitative cytospectrometry. A considerable increase in the cytoplasmic RNA content in the neurons of the ipsi- and contralateral medial and lateral nuclei was observed following a 2-hour monaural stimulation by rhythmical sound (noise) signals. The volume of the functioning neurons of the nuclei under study showed either no significant change or increased. The data obtained demonstrated the nature of functional organization of the binaurally converging connections.     

The content of glycogen and its fractions in human hepatocytes in traumatic disease

A cytofluorometric study was made of the total glycogen and its of fractions in liver cells of patients with hard mechanic trauma with or without intoxication. For studying glycogen dynamics in the course of traumatic illness, the aspiration biopsy material was obtained (30 patients) using repeated liver biopsy of one and the same patient. The total glycogen was found to change insignificantly in liver cells of patients with traumatic illness, both under favourable conditions and with intoxication, and at the normal level. The labile glycogen fraction in liver cells of patients with traumatic illness without intoxication is contained almost at the normal level (80-95%) of the total glycogen and is not changed for a long time. At that time the relative content of the labile glycogen fraction decreases appreciably in some cases to 45-50% due to intoxication development. A relative content of the labile glycogen fraction in hepatocytes with hard mechanical intoxication correlates well with the degree of intoxication. This makes hepatocyte glycogen microfluorometry a diagnostic tool in measuring the functional state of liver in the course of intoxication.     

Effect of insulin and adrenaline on the respiration and glycolysis of the skeletal muscle of frog]

It was shown in the experiments on isolated sartorius muscles of the frog that insulin increased endogenous respiration by 10 mm3 O2 hr per gramm of wet weight. The effect of insulin and epinephrine on respiration is additive. Insulin in middle (5--50 milliunits/ml) and low, physiological, (50 microunits/ml) concentration does not induce acceleration of glycolyses. The conclusion was confirmed that the increase of the endogenous respiration by insulin cannot be accounted for by the mobilization of the substrate of glycolysis. In the presence of epinephrine, the low concentration (50 microunits/ml) of insulin induces the decrease of the content of glucose-6-phosphate. It is probably connected with the influence of insulin on the concentration level of the cAMP.