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101.
Jin Yu Jiong Gao Xiao Yan Wang Qiang Wei Li Feng Yang Kai Qiu Ben Ke Kuai 《Journal of Plant Biology》2010,53(6):417-424
Probenazole (PBZ; 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide) is a highly effective chemical inducer of systemic-acquired
resistance (SAR). It has been used widely to protect rice plants against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Previous studies have shown that PBZ induces SAR through enhanced accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). Plants synthesize
SA by either a pathway that uses phenylalanine as substrate or another that involves isochorismate. To clarify how SA is produced
in PBZ-treated Arabidopsis, we examined the expression patterns and enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and isochorismate synthase
(ICS), which are the main components of the phenylalanine and isochorismate pathways, respectively. PBZ exposure significantly
improved the accumulation of SA and increased ICS activity. In the sid2–2 mutant, which has a defect in ICS1, PBZ had no effect on the level of endogenous SA or activity of ICS. In contrast, PAL activity and the expression of most
PAL genes were down-regulated by such treatment in wild-type plants. These results suggest that SA is mainly synthesized via
the ICS-mediated pathway in Arabidopsis. 相似文献
102.
A developmentally stunted mutant (dsm1) of Arabidopsis, isolated from an EMS mutant screen, had a pleiotropic phenotype, including repressed germination, retarded growth, delayed
flowering, and impaired fertility. Additionally, dsm1 had a lifespan of approximately 160 days, which was more than twice the lifespan of the wild type (Col-0). Fine morphological
and anatomical characters, such as the shoot apical meristem, root apical meristem, seed shape, and seed surface, were obviously
altered in dsm1. We found that both abscisic acid and zeatin riboside levels were significantly greater in dsm1 than in Col-0 at all stages of development, while the levels of indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellins varied by age. The
expressions of some abscisic acid-related genes were higher in dsm1 than in Col-0. These data indicate that DSM1 may play a general role in plant growth and development. 相似文献
103.
Exploring novel bioactive compounds from marine microbes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The historical paradigm of the deep ocean as a biological 'desert' has shifted to one of a 'rainforest' owing to the isolation of many novel microbes and their associated bioactive compounds. Recently, there has been an explosion of information about novel bioactive compounds that have been isolated from marine microbes in an effort to further explore the relatively untapped marine microbes and their secondary metabolites for drug discovery. The microbes are recovered and purified from the ocean by both conventional and innovative isolation methods to obtain those previously thought to be 'uncultivable'. To overcome the difficulties and limitations associated with cultivation techniques, several DNA-based molecular methods have been developed to bypass the culture-dependent bottleneck. Bioactive compounds isolated using the above strategies have not only shown importance in biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications but have also increased our understanding of the diversity of marine microbiota, ecosystem functions and the exploitable biology. 相似文献
104.
Summary By screening cell colonies derived from protoplasts of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), transformed with a rice actin-1-promoter-ß-glucuronidase gene construct, several ß-glucuronidase positive callus clones were obtained. Two callus clones with different GUS expression were derived from these. One was light blue after X-gluc staining, and expression of the ß-glucuronidase gene was stable over repeated subculture, while another stained intensely blue, and expression of the ß-glucuronidase gene was unstable. Southern blot analysis showed that only one copy of the ß-glucuronidase gene was integrated into the genome, and that these two clones appeared to have the same integration pattern. Treatment with 5-azacytidine maintained GUS expression in the unstable line but had no effect on reactivating expression of the GUS gene after expression had been lost. Following the screening procedure the callus clones would only regenerate albino plants.Abbreviations X-gluc
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylglucuronide
- GUS
ß-glucuronidase
- CaMV
cauliflower mosaic virus
- PEG
polyethylene glycol
- AZC
5-azacytidine
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulphate
- UV
ultraviolet
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid disodium salt
- SSPE
salt-sodium-phosphate-EDTA
- SSC
standard saline citrate
- hpt
hygromycin phosphotransferase 相似文献
105.
Qinghuan Xiao Andrew Prussia Kuai Yu Yuan-yuan Cui H. Criss Hartzell 《The Journal of general physiology》2008,132(6):681-692
Human bestrophin-1 (hBest1), which is genetically linked to several kinds of retinopathy and macular degeneration in both humans and dogs, is the founding member of a family of Cl− ion channels that are activated by intracellular Ca2+. At present, the structures and mechanisms responsible for Ca2+ sensing remain unknown. Here, we have used a combination of molecular modeling, density functional–binding energy calculations, mutagenesis, and patch clamp to identify the regions of hBest1 involved in Ca2+ sensing. We identified a cluster of a five contiguous acidic amino acids in the C terminus immediately after the last transmembrane domain, followed by an EF hand and another regulatory domain that are essential for Ca2+ sensing by hBest1. The cluster of five amino acids (293–308) is crucial for normal channel gating by Ca2+ because all but two of the 35 mutations we made in this region rendered the channel incapable of being activated by Ca2+. Using homology models built on the crystal structure of calmodulin (CaM), an EF hand (EF1) was identified in hBest1. EF1 was predicted to bind Ca2+ with a slightly higher affinity than the third EF hand of CaM and lower affinity than the second EF hand of troponin C. As predicted by the model, the D312G mutation in the putative Ca2+-binding loop (312–323) reduced the apparent Ca2+ affinity by 20-fold. In addition, the D312G and D323N mutations abolished Ca2+-dependent rundown of the current. Furthermore, analysis of truncation mutants of hBest1 identified a domain adjacent to EF1 that is rich in acidic amino acids (350–390) that is required for Ca2+ activation and plays a role in current rundown. These experiments identify a region of hBest1 (312–323) that is involved in the gating of hBest1 by Ca2+ and suggest a model in which Ca2+ binding to EF1 activates the channel in a process that requires the acidic domain (293–308) and another regulatory domain (350–390). Many of the ~100 disease-causing mutations in hBest1 are located in this region that we have implicated in Ca2+ sensing, suggesting that these mutations disrupt hBest1 channel gating by Ca2+. 相似文献
106.
Transformation of oat and inheritance of bar gene expression 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kuai B. Perret S. Wan S. M. Dalton S. J. Bettany A. J. E. Morris P. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,66(2):79-88
Fertile transgenic plants of oat (Avena sativa L. var. Melys) were produced following microprojectile bombardment of primary embryogenic calli from immature embryos with
two plasmids containing the bar gene or the β-glucuronidase (uidA) gene, after selection with glufosinate ammonium. Eleven plants were regenerated from phosphinothricin resistant callus,
with three of the eleven plants containing either intact or rearranged copies. No plants co-transformed with the non-selected
uidA gene were detected. Stable transmission and expression of the bar gene in the T1 inbred progenies occurred in a Mendelian manner in one line, which contained an intact bar gene, and in all six T2 lines tested from this transformant.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
107.
108.
T. L. Liu B. K. Kuai Z. X. Liu D. L. Zhao D. L. Shen 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2006,42(8):898-904
In Arabidopsis, map-based cloning has been developed to an effective method in mutant genetic analysis because high-density markers are
available, candidate genes or genomic sequences can be amplified by PCR, and transgenic techniques are simplified. Mutant
ses named from shortened early-stage siliques was used as an example to show how to map a mutant in this way. By the process
of bulked segregants analysis, linkage testing, large-scale and fine-scale mapping, mutant ses was narrowed into a 67 kb interval from CER448792 (2000541 bp) to CER464544 (2067844 bp) crossing over the right of BAC F12K11
to the left of the BAC F4H5 including at most 22 putative genes on the top of chromosome 1. In sequence-based map of Arabidopsis genes with mutant phenotype (SMAGMP) mutant ses was between AT1g06150 (EMB1444) and AT1g08060 (MOM). The ses mapping also showed that developed markers on polymorphism site of CAPC not only were simplified but worked well. Twenty-four
markers from CAPC used in the mapping maybe help Arabidopsis researchs with others and the methods related to ses mapping also gave an example of positional cloning.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
109.
Wang J Yuan Y Zhou Y Guo L Zhang L Kuai X Deng B Pan Z Li D He F 《Journal of proteome research》2008,7(9):3879-3889
The Ras-MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways are conserved in metazoan organisms, which involve a series of signaling cascades and form the basis for numerous physiological and pathological processes. Here we report on yeast two hybrid screening results of a protein interaction network around the known components of human Ras-MAPK/PI3K pathways. A total of 42 independent cDNA library screenings resulted in 200 protein-protein interaction (PPI) pairs among 180 molecules. Most of the proteins formed a large cluster that contains 193 PPIs between 169 proteins. Seventy-four interactions indicate high-confidence according to bioinformatics analysis. The prey list contains high enrichment genes with specific Gene Ontology (GO) terms such as response to stress and response to external stimulus. Most interactions link the Ras signaling pathway with various cellular processes. Five interactions were validated by coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization assays in mammalian cells to confirm their in vivo interactions. This protein interaction network provides further insights into the molecular mechanism of Ras-MAPK/PI3K signaling pathways. 相似文献
110.
Paulo C Carvalho Juliana SG Fischer Emily I Chen John R YatesIII Valmir C Barbosa 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):316