Visualization of the cytoskeleton in Leydig cells in vitro

Summary Effect of LH, vinblastine and cytochalasin B on the cytoskeleton of cultured Leydig cells was investigated using monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence microscopy. After LH addition and treatment with cytoskeletal disrupting drugs, three main effects were observed: 1) increase of androgen level secreted by cultured mouse Leydig cells, 2) changes of cell-shape towards regular and rounded, 3) increase of ⁵,3-HSD activity. The results are discussed in respect to possible involvement of cytoskeleton in the regulation of steroidogenesis.     

Certain aspects of so-called post cholecystectomy syndrome

The study involved 126 patients with cholelithiasis. Set of biochemical, radiological, endoscopic, and ultrasound examinations was carried out in these patients. Potential coincidence of clinical symptoms and causes of so-called postcholecystectomy syndrome was the purpose of a 1-year follow-up studies. The significance of the results are discussed.     

Monotherapy with acebutolol in hypertensive diabetic patients

Monotherapy of hypertension with acebutolol in diabetics in daily dose of 200-400 mg for 6 weeks induced only non-significant and practically not acceptable hypotensive effect in groups of patients with hypertension and diabetes type I or type II without nephropathy. No therapeutical effect was observed in hypertension in diabetics type I with nephropathy. Administration of acebutolol to hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy resulted in tendency to increase in albuminuria. Values of creatinine clearance did not change at the same time. Also no effect of acebutolol on glycemic or lipid indices was observed. The lack of clear hypotensive effect under studied conditions of acebutolol in diabetic patients contrasted with its significant action in comparative group of hypertensive non-diabetic subjects.     

Unusual organization of the tropharium in the telotrophic ovarioles of an insect, Saldula saltatoria

The tropharium of the common shorebug Saldula saltatoria consists of 2 zones: the apical mitotic region and the distal one comprising numerous mononucleate nurse cells. Each individual nurse cell is connected to the centrally located trophic core by a thin cytoplasmic projection referred to as a trophic process. The accumulations of a dense material interpreted as the remnants of intercellular bridge rim are observed associated with the trophic process membrane. In the light of these results the establishment of telotrophic ovarioles in hemipterans is discussed.     

Comparison of organ uptake and disappearance half-time of human epidermal growth factor and insulin

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which was originally identified in salivary glands and saliva, has been also found in the kidney and urine, suggesting that the kidney may be an alternate source of this peptide. Liver was considered as the major site of the degradation of EGF but the involvement of other organs has been little studied. Therefore, we carried out comparative studies on the organ uptake and the disappearance half-time of EGF and insulin (having similar molecular size) in the same model of anesthetized dog with arterial (from aorta) and venous (from mesenteric, portal, hepatic, renal, femoral and jugular veins) blood sampling from various organs. Basal plasma level of EGF (1.32 +/- 0.33 pmol/l) and insulin (62.1 +/- 13.8 pmol/l) in the aorta was not significantly different from that recorded at various sampling sites. During i.v. infusion of EGF at 41.6 and 166.6 pmol/kg/h, the respective arterial EGF concentrations averaged 103 +/- 21 and 240 +/- 49 pmol/kg/h and the percent reduction in plasma EGF after passage through the head, leg, intestines and liver was about 30-50% and that after passage through the kidney was about 95%. During insulin (6.9 pmol/kg/h) infusion, the arterial hormone level averaged 227 +/- 21 pmol/l and this level was significantly reduced (by 23-42%) after passage through the head, leg, intestine, liver and kidney but no significant difference was found between various venous sampling sites. EGF and insulin appearing in the urine during EGF or insulin infusion accounted for about 40 and 7% of the difference between the entering and leaving renal masses of the peptide. Mean disappearance half time on stopping of EGF and insulin infusion was, respectively, 2.32 +/- 0.58 and 6.88 +/- 1.25 min. We conclude that unlike insulin, which is removed to similar extent by various organs including the kidney and the liver, EGF is taken up mainly by kidney and EGF present in urine originates mainly from renal clearance of peptide.     

Fructosamine in human and bovine semen.

We detected the presence of fructosamine in human and bovine semen. In seminal plasma of healthy normozoospermic men (N = 17) fructosamine was found in 53% of the cases (fru+). In fru+ semen samples the concentration of fructosamine was (mean +/- S.E.M., N = 9) 0.45 +/- 0.09 mmol/L and varied from 0.15 to 0.75 mmol/L. It was 3-12 times lower than in blood serum of healthy men. In semen of infertile men (N = 57) fructosamine was present only in 21% of the cases and its concentration was lower than in fertile men i.e. (mean +/- S.E.M., N = 12) 0.27 +/- 0.007 mmol/L. In bulls (N = 98) fructosamine was found in semen of 82% of animals. In fru+ semen samples the concentration of fructosamine was (mean +/- S.E.M., N = 80) 0.77 +/- 0.12 mmol/L and varied from 0.30 to 1.15 mmol/L. We did not find any correlation between the concentration of fructosamine on one hand, and that of fructose and glucose on the other hand, in either human or bull semen. The difference in the frequency of fructosamine appearance in semen of fertile and infertile men suggests that fructosamine may be in some way involved in the process of fertilisation.     

Content of iron and copper in the nuclei and induction of pH 9-labile lesions in L5178Y sublines inversely cross-sensitive to H2O2 and x-rays

Cells from the L5178Y murine lymphoma subline LY-R are twice as resistent to killing by ionizing radiation than the subline LY-S. In contrast, LY-R cells are more sensitive to killing by H₂O₂, the effect being more pronounced at 37 °C than 0 °C. Initial DNA damage after H₂O₂ treatment (both temperatures, 5 min) has been estimated by the comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) and fluorescent halo technique. According to both methods, the initial damage is significantly higher in LY-R cells, particularly that inflicted at O °C. Differences between DNA unwinding and rewinding abilities at pH 9 and 6.9 (estimated by the fluorescent halo technique) point to a considerable difference in pH-9-labile damage between the sublines, as observed previously for x-irradiated cells (Kapiszewska et al. 1992). In contrast to findings with x-irradiated cells, however, after H₂O₂ treatment this damage is more extensive in LY-R cells than in LY-S cells. Thus, the initial pH-9-labile damage corresponds to the pattern of sensitivity to H₂O₂ and x-rays. We suggest that this is caused by different proportions of cuprous and ferric ions found in the nuclei of LY sublines and by the different ability of these ions to react with H₂O₂ and water radiolysis products. The copper/iron ratio in the nucleus is 1.31 in LY-R cells and 4.84 in LY-S cells.