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排序方式: 共有144条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
31.
32.
R.M. Krupka 《The Journal of membrane biology》1999,167(1):35-41
Control of the coupled reaction sequence in active transport depends on systematic changes in the properties of the carrier
protein as the reaction proceeds. These changes would have to be brought about by specific interactions with the substrate,
the binding forces being used to stabilize either (i) a carrier state with altered properties or (ii) the transition state
in a carrier transformation. In the first case the tightness of coupling (the ratio of the coupled rate to slippage) will
at first rise with the increment in binding energy in the altered state but will approach an upper limit when overly strong
binding forces retard substrate dissociation in a subsequent step in the coupled reaction sequence. Primary and secondary
active transport are subject to this limitation because the coupling mechanism necessarily involves intermediates in which
the substrate is strongly bound. Exchange-only transport is not necessarily subject to the same limitation because the mechanism
can involve only a substrate-catalyzed change in carrier state. The available data, although scant, agree with these conclusions.
Received: 3 June 1998/Revised: 22 September 1998 相似文献
33.
Cytochalasin B inhibits glucose transport in human erythrocytes by competing with glucose for the carrier on the inner surface of the cell membrane, but there is no cytochalasin site associated with the outward-facing form of the carrier. Such asymmetry may be demonstrated by zero trans exit and entry experiments, whereas Sen-Widdas exit experiments are not easily interpretable. The orientation of the transport system appears to be reversed in certain other cell types: chick embryo fibroblasts, Novikoff hepatoma cells and HeLa cells. Here the cytochalasin site is present in the external but not internal carrier form. 相似文献
34.
R M Krupka 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1975,410(1):120-129
1. Indophenyl acetate is a very poor substrate of eel or bovine acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), with a V less than 5% of that of phenyl acetate, but it is a labile ester and in imidazole buffer is hydrolyzed, non-enzymically, even faster than phenyl acetate. 2. Indophenyl acetate completely protects the enzymes against inhibition by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate but promotes inhibition by methanesulfonyl fluoride. 3. With either of these inhibitors the measured rate of inactivation of eel acetylcholinesterase is the same whether activity is determined with this poor substrate or with a good substrate, acetylthiocholine. With bovine enzyme the inactivation rate is 25% lower when assayed with the former substrate. However this preparation contains a minor enzyme component which is involved in hydrolysis of indophenyl acetate but not good substrates, and which is not readily inhibited. When this is taken into account the inactivation rates for bovine acetylcholinesterase, too, are found to be the same in either assay. These and other observations in the literature can be explained if indophenyl acetate, because of its size, cannot fully penetrate into the active center and is bound in adjoining non-polar regions of the protein. From this external position it makes only intermittent contact with the esteratic site. Hence it is slowly hydrolyzed and fails to protect the enzyme against methanesulfonyl fluoride, though it does protect, possibly sterically, against the larger inhibitor diisopropylphosphorofluoridate. 相似文献
35.
Evidence for a carrier conformational change associated with sugar transport in erythrocytes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
R M Krupka 《Biochemistry》1971,10(7):1143-1148
36.
Effect of Electron Donor and Solution Chemistry on Products of Dissimilatory Reduction of Technetium by Shewanella putrefaciens 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
R. E. Wildung Y. A. Gorby K. M. Krupka N. J. Hess S. W. Li A. E. Plymale J. P. McKinley J. K. Fredrickson 《Applied microbiology》2000,66(6):2451-2460
To help provide a fundamental basis for use of microbial dissimilatory reduction processes in separating or immobilizing 99Tc in waste or groundwaters, the effects of electron donor and the presence of the bicarbonate ion on the rate and extent of pertechnetate ion [Tc(VII)O4−] enzymatic reduction by the subsurface metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 were determined, and the forms of aqueous and solid-phase reduction products were evaluated through a combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and thermodynamic calculations. When H2 served as the electron donor, dissolved Tc(VII) was rapidly reduced to amorphous Tc(IV) hydrous oxide, which was largely associated with the cell in unbuffered 0.85% NaCl and with extracellular particulates (0.2 to 0.001 μm) in bicarbonate buffer. Cell-associated Tc was present principally in the periplasm and outside the outer membrane. The reduction rate was much lower when lactate was the electron donor, with extracellular Tc(IV) hydrous oxide the dominant solid-phase reduction product, but in bicarbonate systems much less Tc(IV) was associated directly with the cell and solid-phase Tc(IV) carbonate may have been present. In the presence of carbonate, soluble (<0.001 μm) electronegative, Tc(IV) carbonate complexes were also formed that exceeded Tc(VII)O4− in electrophoretic mobility. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the dominant reduced Tc species identified in the experiments would be stable over a range of Eh and pH conditions typical of natural waters. Thus, carbonate complexes may represent an important pathway for Tc transport in anaerobic subsurface environments, where it has generally been assumed that Tc mobility is controlled by low-solubility Tc(IV) hydrous oxide and adsorptive, aqueous Tc(IV) hydrolysis products. 相似文献
37.
M. Lenhardt M. Prokes I. Z. Jaric V. Barus J. Kolarevic I. Krupka G. Cvijanovic P. Cakic Z. Gacic 《Journal of fish biology》2004,65(Z1):320-320
A comparative analysis was performed on sixteen morphometric characters, in three different juvenile sterlet Acipenser ruthenus L. populations. Specimens were collected from a wild population in the Serbian part of the Danube River (n = 46), from aquaculture stocks in the Czech Republic originating from Russia (n = 40), and aquaculture stocks in the Slovak Republic originating from Slovakian part of the Danube River (n = 28). Average values for total length were 29·9 ± 3·9 cm, 29·1 ± 3·7 cm and 27·3 ± 7·7 cm for Serbia, Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, respectively. Populations were compared using t‐test and sequential Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied in order to determine significant differences between them. Results of analysis showed that all three populations differed in prebarbel length, interocular distance and maximum head width. Although all these characters are head‐related, head length itself was very uniform among all populations. The natural population from the Serbian part of the Danube River differed from the populations reared in aquaculture in seven morphometric characters. The two populations reared in aquaculture consistently showed lower morphological variability than the wild population, even though they had different genetic backgrounds (Russia and Slovakia). Future genetic studies will show if this tendency is caused by a reduction in genetic variability. 相似文献
38.
Changes in odor quality discrimination following recovery from olfactory nerve transection 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Following recovery from olfactory nerve transection, animals regain their
ability to discriminate between odors. Odor discrimination is restored
after new neurons establish connections with the olfactory bulb. However,
it is not known if the new connections alter odor quality perception. To
address this question, 20 adult hamsters were first trained to discriminate
between cinnamon and strawberry odors. After reaching criterion (> or =
90% correct response), half of the animals received a bilateral nerve
transection (BTX) and half a surgical sham procedure. Animals were not
tested again until day 40, a point in recovery when connections are
re-established with the bulb. When BTX animals were tested without food
reinforcement, they could not perform the odor discrimination task. Sham
animals, however, could discriminate, demonstrating that the behavioral
response had not been extinguished during the 40 day period. When
reinforcement was resumed, BTX animals were able to discriminate between
cinnamon and strawberry after four test sessions. In addition, their
ability to discriminate between these two familiar odors was no different
than that of BTX and sham animals tested with two novel odors, baby powder
and coffee. These findings suggest that, after recovery from nerve
transection, there are alterations in sensory perception and that
restoration of odor quality discrimination requires that the animal must
again learn to associate individual odor sensations with a behavioral
response.
相似文献
39.
Lasioglossins LLIII affect the morphogenesis of Candida albicans and reduces the duration of experimental vaginal candidiasis in mice 下载免费PDF全文
Alena Vrablikova Lydie Czernekova Romana Cahlikova Zbynek Novy Milos Petrik Saima Imran Zdenek Novak Michal Krupka Vaclav Cerovsky Jaroslav Turanek Milan Raska 《Microbiology and immunology》2017,61(11):474-481
40.
Juliana M Sousa-Canavez Flavio C Canavez Kátia RM Leite Luiz H Camara-Lopes 《Genetic vaccines and therapy》2008,6(1):1-7