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661.
A new scanilepiform, Beishanichthys brevicaudalis gen. et sp. nov. , is named and described based on fossils from the Lower Triassic lake deposits exposed in Beishan area, Gansu Province, China. The discovery documents a new record of this group, which is significantly older than other known scanilepiforms from China, and is slightly younger than Evenkia from the Lowest Triassic of Central Siberia. Although the Beishan beds were previously interpreted as Late Permian in age, based on megaplant fossils, this new discovery supports the reinterpretation of the deposits as Early Triassic in age, based on vertebrate fossils from the same locality and horizon. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to resolve the relationships of Scanilepiformes with other actinopterygian clades, and the inter‐relationships within Scanilepiformes. Contrary to previous thought that scanilepiforms are closely related to the Amiidae, the phylogenetic results of this study recognize the Scanilepiformes as stem‐group neopterygians. Relationships of the Scanilepiformes and Australosomus with other neopterygians remain unresolved. With a characteristic long‐based dorsal fin, scanilepiforms represent a small group that emerged in Early Triassic freshwater environments, inhabited Eurasia and North America during the Middle–Late Triassic, briefly invaded the marine environment by the Late Triassic in Europe, and became extinct at the end of Triassic. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161 , 595–612. 相似文献
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Pheromone deactivation catalyzed by receptor molecules: a quantitative kinetic model 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
A quantitative model of pheromone-receptor interaction and pheromone
deactivation, the supposed rate-limiting processes underlying the receptor
potential kinetics, is worked out for the moth Antheraea polyphemus. In
this model, the pheromone interacts with the receptor molecule while bound
to the reduced form of the pheromone binding protein. The receptor
molecules--besides their receptor function-- catalyze the observed shift of
the pheromone-binding protein from the reduced to the oxidized form
(Ziegelberger, G., Eur. J. Biochem., 232, 706-711, 1995), which deactivates
the pheromone bound to pheromone binding protein. With the following
parameters, the model fits morphological, radiometric, electrophysiological
and biochemical data: a maximum estimate of 1.7 x 10(7) receptor
molecules/cell (with 40,000 units/micron 2 of receptor cell membrane), rate
constants k1 = 0.2/(s.microM) for the association, k2 = 10/s for the
dissociation of the ternary complex of binding protein, pheromone and
receptor, and k3 = 10/s for the deactivation via the redox shift. With
these parameters, the duration of elementary receptor potentials elicited
by single pheromone molecules (approximately 50 ms) reflects the lifetime
of the ternary complex, tau = 1/(k2 + k3). The receptor occupancy produced
by the model for threshold stimuli fits the sensitivity of the receptor
cell to single pheromone molecules.
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Background
A logical model of the known metabolic processes in S. cerevisiae was constructed from iFF708, an existing Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) model, and augmented with information from the KEGG online pathway database. The use of predicate logic as the knowledge representation for modelling enables an explicit representation of the structure of the metabolic network, and enables logical inference techniques to be used for model identification/improvement. 相似文献670.
D P Lindner V Ia Arion N V Ale?nikova Iu A Baryshkov S K Krotova 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1983,95(4):86-88
Forty seven F1 (CBA X C57Bl) mice were used for quantitative morphologic examination of the thymus on 1, 5, 10 and 15 days after a single injection of 0.5 microgram T-activin, and injections of 0.1 microgram of T-activin once a day during 5 days. The number of transformed thymocytes and mitoses figures in cortex was found to be increased reaching a maximum at the 5th day as regards the magnitude and spreading. By the end of the research the number of transformed thymocytes and mitoses returned to initial values. There was a periodical (at the 5th and 10th days) 1 mm2 reduction in the number of thymocytes, an increase in the proportion of medullary thymocytes, reaching maximum at the 5th day, and a tendency towards the reduction of a relative area of the parenchyma. These indicators did not return to the initial values by the 15th days. However there was a tendency towards normalization. The conclusion is made about the stimulatory effect of T-activin on reproduction and migration of thymocytes. 相似文献