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41.
Trine?H?JensenEmail author Gitte?Ajjouri Kurt?J?Handberg Marek?J?Slomka Vivien?J?Coward Martine?Cherbonnel Véronique?Jestin Peter?Lind Poul?H?J?rgensen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):84
Background
Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7 attracts particular attention because of the risk of their potential pathogenicity in poultry. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test is widely used as subtype specific test for serological diagnostics despite the laborious nature of this method. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are being explored as an alternative test method.H5 and H7 specific monoclonal antibodies were experimentally raised and used in the development of inhibition ELISAs for detection of serological response specifically directed against AIV subtypes H5 and H7. The ELISAs were evaluated with polyclonal chicken anti-AIV antibodies against AIV subtypes: H1N2, H5N2, H5N7, H7N1, H7N7, H9N9, H10N4 and H16N3.Results
Both the H5 and H7 ELISA proved to have a high sensitivity and specificity and the ELISAs detected H5 and H7 antibodies earlier during experimental infection than the HI test did. The reproducibility of the ELISA’s performed at different times was high with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.96-0.98.Conclusions
The ELISAs are a potential alternative to the HI test for screening of large amounts of avian sera, although only experimental sera were tested in this study.42.
43.
Some fifteen taxa ranked as species or subspecies have generally been recognized within Secale. However, most of these seem impossible to separate on morphology alone. Based on 14 morphological characters considered of diagnostic value and scored on 44 specimens representing most of the taxa a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was carried out. Limited correlation was found between the characters and consequently the first three principal axes account for only about 60% of the total variation. The PCA shows only a weak separation of annual and perennial taxa. Further analyses mainly of spikelet characters support merging of most of the previously accepted taxa within each of these two groups. A total of three species with five infraspecific taxa are here proposed within the genus and a key is provided to the taxa. 相似文献
44.
T. Gregory Ross Craig F. Barrett Marybel Soto Gomez Vivienne K.Y. Lam Claudia L. Henriquez Donald H. Les Jerrold I. Davis Argelia Cuenca Gitte Petersen Ole Seberg Marcela Thadeo Thomas J. Givnish John Conran Dennis W. Stevenson Sean W. Graham 《Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society》2016,32(2):160-178
Past phylogenetic studies of the monocot order Alismatales left several higher‐order relationships unresolved. We addressed these uncertainties using a nearly complete genus‐level sampling of whole plastid genomes (gene sets representing 83 protein‐coding and ribosomal genes) from members of the core alismatid families, Tofieldiaceae and additional taxa (Araceae and other angiosperms). Parsimony and likelihood analyses inferred generally highly congruent phylogenetic relationships within the order, and several alternative likelihood partitioning schemes had little impact on patterns of clade support. All families with multiple genera were resolved as monophyletic, and we inferred strong bootstrap support for most inter‐ and intrafamilial relationships. The precise placement of Tofieldiaceae in the order was not well supported. Although most analyses inferred Tofieldiaceae to be the sister‐group of the rest of the order, one likelihood analysis indicated a contrasting Araceae‐sister arrangement. Acorus (Acorales) was not supported as a member of the order. We also investigated the molecular evolution of plastid NADH dehydrogenase, a large enzymatic complex that may play a role in photooxidative stress responses. Ancestral‐state reconstructions support four convergent losses of a functional NADH dehydrogenase complex in Alismatales, including a single loss in Tofieldiaceae. 相似文献
45.
Jesper Kj?rgaard Lone Graff Stensballe Nina Marie Birk Thomas N?rrelykke Nissen Kim Thestrup Foss Lisbeth Marianne Th?stesen Gitte Thybo Pihl Andreas Andersen Poul-Erik Kofoed Ole Pryds Gorm Greisen 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
ObjectivesTo assess the non-specific effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth on psychomotor development.DesignThis is a pre-specified secondary outcome from a randomised, clinical trial.SettingMaternity units and paediatric wards at three university hospitals in Denmark.ParticipantsChildren born at gestational age (GA) 32 weeks and above. All women planning to give birth at the three sites were invited during the recruitment period. Out of 4262 randomised children, 144 were premature (GA < 37 weeks). There were 2129 children (71 premature) randomised to BCG and 2133 randomised (73 premature) to the control group.InterventionsBCG vaccination 0.05 ml was given intradermally in the upper left arm at the hospital within seven days of birth. Children in the control group did not receive any intervention. Parents were not blinded to allocation.ResultsThe mean difference in ASQ score at 12 months adjusted for age and prematurity was -0.7 points (BCG vs. control, 95% confidence interval; -3.7 to 2.4), p = 0.67, corresponding to an effect size of Cohen’s d = -0.015 (-0.082 to 0.052). The mean difference in ASQ score for premature children at 22 months was -7.8 points (-20.6 to 5.0, p = 0.23), d = -0.23 (-0.62 to 0.15).ConclusionsA negative non-specific effect of BCG vaccination at birth on psychomotor development was excluded in term children.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01694108相似文献46.
Vrang N Madsen AN Tang-Christensen M Hansen G Larsen PJ 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2006,291(2):R367-R375
The gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) was recently proposed to comprise an endogenous satiety factor. We have studied acute anorectic functions of PYY(3-36) in mice and rats, as well as metabolic effects of chronic PYY(3-36) administration to diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of PYY(3-36) inhibited food intake in mice, but not in rats. We next investigated the effects of increasing doses (100, 300, and 1,000 microg.kg-1.day-1) of PYY(3-36) administered subcutaneously via osmotic minipumps on food intake and body weight in DIO C57BL/6J mice. Whereas only the highest dose (1,000 microg.kg-1.day-1) of PYY(3-36) significantly reduced food intake over the first 3 days, body weight gain was dose dependently reduced, and on day 28 the group treated with 1,000 microg.kg-1.day-1 PYY(3-36) weighed approximately 10% less than the vehicle-treated group. Mesenteric, epididymal, retroperitoneal, and inguinal fat pad weight was dose dependently reduced. Subcutaneous administration of PYY(3-36) (250 and 1,000 microg.kg-1.day-1) for 28 days reduced body weight and improved glycemic control in glucose-intolerant DIO rats. Neither 250 nor 1,000 microg/kg PYY(3-36) elicited a conditioned taste aversion in male rats. 相似文献
47.
Cecilie L. Licht ers B. Marcussen Gregers Wegener† David H. Overstreet‡ Susana Aznar Gitte M. Knudsen 《Journal of neurochemistry》2009,109(5):1363-1374
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT4 ) receptor may be implicated in depression and is a new potential target for antidepressant treatment. We have investigated the brain 5-HT4 receptor [3 H]SB207145 binding in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat depression model by quantitative receptor autoradiography, and related this to 5-HT transporter ( S )-[ N -methyl-3 H]citalopram binding. We also determined the regulation of 5-HT4 receptor binding by 1, 14, and 21 days of paroxetine administration and subchronic 5-HT depletion, and compared this with changes in 5-HT2A receptor [3 H]MDL100907 binding. In the Flinders Sensitive Line, the 5-HT4 receptor and 5-HT transporter binding were decreased in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, and the changes in binding were directly correlated within the dorsal hippocampus. Chronic but not acute paroxetine administration caused a 16–47% down-regulation of 5-HT4 receptor binding in all regions evaluated including the basal ganglia and hippocampus, while 5-HT depletion increased the 5-HT4 receptor binding in the dorsal hippocampus, hypothalamus, and lateral globus pallidus. In comparison, the 5-HT2A receptor binding was decreased in the frontal and cingulate cortices after chronic paroxetine administration, and markedly reduced in several regions after 5-HT depletion. Thus, the 5-HT4 receptor binding was decreased in the Flinders Sensitive Line depression model and in response to chronic paroxetine administration. 相似文献
48.
Ole S. S?gaard Nicolai Lohse Jan Gerstoft Gitte Kronborg Lars ?stergaard Court Pedersen Gitte Pedersen Henrik Toft S?rensen Niels Obel 《PloS one》2009,4(9)
Background
HIV–infected persons are at increased risk of pneumonia, even with highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). We examined the impact of pneumonia on mortality and identified prognostic factors for death among HIV–infected.Methodology/Principal Findings
In a nationwide, population-based cohort of individuals with HIV, we included persons hospitalized with pneumonia from the Danish National Hospital Registry and obtained mortality data from the Danish Civil Registration System. Comparing individuals with and without pneumonia, we used Poisson regression to estimate relative mortality and logistic regression to examine prognostic factors for death following pneumonia. From January 1, 1995, to July 1, 2008, we observed 699 episodes of first hospitalization for pneumonia among 4,352 HIV patients. Ninety-day mortality after pneumonia decreased from 22.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.5%–28.9%) in 1995–1996 to 8.4% (95% CI: 6.1%–11.6%) in 2000–2008. Mortality remained elevated for more than a year after hospitalization for pneumonia: adjusted mortality rate ratio 5.38 (95% CI: 4.27–6.78), 1.80 (95% CI: 1.36–2.37), and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.32–2.00) for days 0–90, 91–365, and 366+, respectively. The following variables predicted mortality within 90 days following hospitalization for pneumonia (adjusted Odds Ratios): male sex (3.77, 95% CI: 1.37–10.4), Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≥2 (3.86, 95% CI: 2.19–6.78); no current HAART (3.58, 95% CI: 1.83–6.99); history of AIDS (2.46, 95% CI: 1.40–4.32); age per 10 year increase (1.43, 95% CI: 1.11–1.85); and CD4+ cell count ≤200 (2.52, 95% CI: 1.37–4.65).Conclusions/Significance
The first hospitalization for pneumonia among HIV–infected individuals was associated with elevated risk of death up to more than a year later. Use of HAART decreased the risk, independent of current CD4+ cell count. Prognosis following pneumonia improved over calendar time. 相似文献49.
Johan Holmkvist Karina Banasik Gitte Andersen Hiroyuki Unoki Thomas Skot Jensen Charlotta Pisinger Knut Borch-Johnsen Annelli Sandb?k Torsten Lauritzen S?ren Brunak Shiro Maeda Torben Hansen Oluf Pedersen 《PloS one》2009,4(6)