全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3192篇 |
免费 | 193篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 36篇 |
2021年 | 99篇 |
2020年 | 57篇 |
2019年 | 76篇 |
2018年 | 77篇 |
2017年 | 61篇 |
2016年 | 107篇 |
2015年 | 125篇 |
2014年 | 180篇 |
2013年 | 222篇 |
2012年 | 252篇 |
2011年 | 238篇 |
2010年 | 214篇 |
2009年 | 133篇 |
2008年 | 139篇 |
2007年 | 163篇 |
2006年 | 138篇 |
2005年 | 136篇 |
2004年 | 91篇 |
2003年 | 98篇 |
2002年 | 103篇 |
2001年 | 45篇 |
2000年 | 55篇 |
1999年 | 42篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 31篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
1972年 | 10篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
1970年 | 15篇 |
1964年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有3386条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
261.
Krishna SS Tautz L Xu Q McMullan D Miller MD Abdubek P Ambing E Astakhova T Axelrod HL Carlton D Chiu HJ Clayton T DiDonato M Duan L Elsliger MA Grzechnik SK Hale J Hampton E Han GW Haugen J Jaroszewski L Jin KK Klock HE Knuth MW Koesema E Morse AT Mustelin T Nigoghossian E Oommachen S Reyes R Rife CL van den Bedem H Weekes D White A Hodgson KO Wooley J Deacon AM Godzik A Lesley SA Wilson IA 《Proteins》2007,69(2):415-421
262.
Slevogt H Seybold J Tiwari KN Hocke AC Jonatat C Dietel S Hippenstiel S Singer BB Bachmann S Suttorp N Opitz B 《Cellular microbiology》2007,9(3):694-707
Moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). While M. catarrhalis has been categorized as an extracellular bacterium so far, the potential to invade human respiratory epithelium has not yet been explored. Our results obtained by electron and confocal microscopy demonstrated a considerable potential of M. catarrhalis to invade bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, type II pneumocytes (A549) and primary small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). Moraxella invasion was dependent on cellular microfilament as well as on bacterial viability, and characterized by macropinocytosis leading to the formation of lamellipodia and engulfment of the invading organism into macropinosomes, thus indicating a trigger-like uptake mechanism. In addition, the cells examined expressed TLR2 as well as NOD1, a recently found cytosolic protein implicated in the intracellular recognition of bacterial cell wall components. Importantly, inhibition of TLR2 or NOD1 expression by RNAi significantly reduced the M. catarrhalis-induced IL-8 secretion. The role of TLR2 and NOD1 was further confirmed by overexpression assays in HEK293 cells. Overall, M. catarrhalis may employ lung epithelial cell invasion to colonize and to infect the respiratory tract, nonetheless, the bacteria are recognized by cell surface TLR2 and the intracellular surveillance molecule NOD1. 相似文献
263.
Neurochemical Research - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a multifunctional co-factor of various enzymes and a substantial amount of studies have shown BH4 as a key regulator in the synthesis of... 相似文献
264.
265.
266.
Metabolic and transcriptomic signatures of rice floral organs reveal sugar starvation as a factor in reproductive failure under heat and drought stress 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
267.
268.
Prem Kumar A.R.T. Arasu M. Kailasam Krishna Sukumarran R. Subburj G. Tyagraj 《Biological Rhythm Research》2015,46(4):601-610
The grey mullet Mugil cephalus is one of the popular and fast growing fishes being cultured in tropical and subtropical regions. In the present study, histological observation of gonadal development and corresponding changes in sex steroid levels from different maturity stages of wild caught male and female were studied. In female, testosterone and 17β-estradiol increased with the advancement of maturation and reached peak (17β-estradiol, 323 ± 13 pg/ml; testosterone, 938 ± 7.87 pg/ml) in mature stage, whereas the level of progesterone was maximum (488 ± 4.9 pg/ml) during ripe stage. Vitellogenin level in serum showed a similar trend as 17β-estradiol. In case of male, the testosterone level in serum increased gradually with advancement of maturation and was maximum (1820 ± 40.25 pg/ml) during ripe stage, whereas significant decrease in 17β-estradiol and progesterone was noticed with advancement of maturation. The fundamental information from this investigation would be useful for developing protocol for accelerating maturation and spawning under captive condition. 相似文献
269.
Analysis of Pathogenic Diversity of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) in the Andaman Islands and Identification of Effective Resistance Genes 下载免费PDF全文
Raj K. Gautam Pankaj K. Singh Krishnan Sakthivel Muthulingam Srikumar Naresh Kumar Krishna Kumar Awnindra K. Singh Sibnarayan Dam Roy 《Journal of Phytopathology》2015,163(6):423-432
Bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major disease of rice in the tropics for which genetic resistance in the host plants is the only effective solution. This study aimed at identification of resistance gene combinations effective against Xoo isolates and fingerprinting of the Xoo isolates of Andaman Islands (India). Here, we report the reaction of 21 rice BB differentials possessing Xa1 to Xa21 genes individually and in different combinations to various isolates of pathogen collected from Andaman Islands. Pathological screening results of 14 isolates revealed that among individual genes tested across 2 years, Xa4, Xa7 and Xa21 conferred resistance reaction across all isolates, whereas among combinations, IRBB 50 (Xa4 + xa5), IRBB 52 (Xa4 + Xa21) and IRBB 60 (Xa4 + xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) conveyed effective resistance against tested isolates. The nature of genetic diversity among four isolates selected on the basis of geographical isolation in the islands was studied through DNA finger printing. The RAPD primers S111, S119, S1117, S1109, S1103, S109 and S105 were found to be better indicators of molecular diversity among isolates than JEL primers. The diversity analysis grouped 14 isolates into three major clusters based on disease reaction wherein isolate no. 8 was found the most divergent as well as highly virulent. The remaining isolates were classified into two distinct groups. The importance of the study in the context of transfer of resistance gene(s) in the local cultivars specifically for tropical island conditions is presented and discussed. 相似文献
270.
Qian Jiang Stacey Arnold Tiffany Heanue Krishna?Praneeth Kilambi Betty Doan Ashish Kapoor Albee?Yun Ling Maria?X. Sosa Moltu Guy Qingguang Jiang Grzegorz Burzynski Kristen West Seneca Bessling Paola Griseri Jeanne Amiel Raquel?M. Fernandez Joke?B.G.M. Verheij Robert?M.W. Hofstra Salud Borrego Stanislas Lyonnet Isabella Ceccherini Jeffrey?J. Gray Vassilis Pachnis Andrew?S. McCallion Aravinda Chakravarti 《American journal of human genetics》2015,96(4):581-596
Innervation of the gut is segmentally lost in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), a consequence of cell-autonomous and non-autonomous defects in enteric neuronal cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, or survival. Rare, high-penetrance coding variants and common, low-penetrance non-coding variants in 13 genes are known to underlie HSCR risk, with the most frequent variants in the ret proto-oncogene (RET). We used a genome-wide association (220 trios) and replication (429 trios) study to reveal a second non-coding variant distal to RET and a non-coding allele on chromosome 7 within the class 3 Semaphorin gene cluster. Analysis in Ret wild-type and Ret-null mice demonstrates specific expression of Sema3a, Sema3c, and Sema3d in the enteric nervous system (ENS). In zebrafish embryos, sema3 knockdowns show reduction of migratory ENS precursors with complete ablation under conjoint ret loss of function. Seven candidate receptors of Sema3 proteins are also expressed within the mouse ENS and their expression is also lost in the ENS of Ret-null embryos. Sequencing of SEMA3A, SEMA3C, and SEMA3D in 254 HSCR-affected subjects followed by in silico protein structure modeling and functional analyses identified five disease-associated alleles with loss-of-function defects in semaphorin dimerization and binding to their cognate neuropilin and plexin receptors. Thus, semaphorin 3C/3D signaling is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of ENS development whose dys-regulation is a cause of enteric aganglionosis. 相似文献