环境因素对天目山柳杉树轮δ13C方位分布的影响

应用方差分析、经验正交函数、合成分析,研究了天目山柳杉（Cryptomeria fortunei）树轮中δ^13C随方位的分布特征。应用相关分析探讨了这种分布特征的年际差异与环境因素的关系。结果表明：树轮δ^13C值有显著方位差异和年际变化,不同方位的差异可以用4个基本角分布型表示,其中一型表示各方位δ^13C比多年平均值偏大,其中北（N）、西（W）、西南（SW）、南（S）较平均值偏大约0.5,而其余4个方位偏大不到0.2;二型各方位也较多年平均值偏大,但各方位差异不大,除N方位较小外,其余均在0.2-0.4之间。三型为各方位δ^13C较平均状况偏小,其中西北（NW）、东北（NE）方位约偏小0.4,其余方位偏小0.2-0.3。四型表现为NE、东（E）、东南（SE）与平均状况一致,西北(NW)方位较平均状况偏大约0.1,N方位偏小0.2,其余3个方位则偏小约0.3。而其年际变化既可用这4个角分布型的更替表示,也可以用第一、二主成分表示。δ^13C的第一主成分与前一年8-12月降水量负相关,与当年1-3月降水正相关。第二主成分与前一年8月至当年1月的6个月平均气温正相关。不同的角分布型与不同的气候状态相联系。一型出现的有利气候条件是R8-12少、R1-3多、T3-7低并且T8-1高;二型出现的有利气候条件是R8-12少、R1-3多、T3-7低并且T8-1低;三型出现的有利气候条件是：R8-12多、R1-3少、T3-7高并且T8-1高;四型出现的有利气候条件是：R8-12多、R1-3少、T3-7高并且T8-1低。可见角分布型的差异可能包含着环境变化的信息,因此同时利用树轮整体平均δ^13C值的序列和角分布型序列来重建历史气候,可以得到更多的历史气候变化信息。     

Characterization of the Trypanosoma cruzi ortholog of the SBDS protein reveals an intrinsically disordered extended C-terminal region showing RNA-interacting activity

The human SBDS gene and its yeast ortholog SDO1 encode essential proteins that are involved in ribosome biosynthesis. SDO1 has been implicated in recycling of the ribosomal biogenesis factor Tif6p from pre-66S particles as well as in translation activation of 60S ribosomes. The SBDS protein is highly conserved, containing approximately 250 amino acid residues in animals, fungi and Archaea, while SBDS orthologs of plants and a group of protists contain an extended C-terminal region. In this work, we describe the characterization of the Trypanosoma cruzi SBDS ortholog (TcSBDS). TcSBDS co-fractionates with polysomes in sucrose density gradients, which is consistent with a role in ribosome biosynthesis. We show that TcSBDS contains a C-terminal extension of 200 amino acids that displays the features of intrinsically disordered proteins as determined by proteolytic, circular dichroism and NMR analyses. Interestingly, the C-terminal extension is responsible for TcSBDS–RNA interaction activity in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. This finding suggests that Trypanosomatidae and possibly also other organisms containing SBDS with extended C-terminal regions have evolved an additional function for SBDS in ribosome biogenesis.     

光照强度对紫茉莉生长和镉积累的影响

采用土培实验研究了25mg／kg镉处理下全光照（HL）、50％全光照（ML）和10％全光照（LL）三种生长光强对紫茉莉生长、光合作用和镉积累相关指标的影响,结果表明,紫茉莉对镉具有较高的耐性,ML对紫茉莉的生长最为有利。镉胁迫下紫茉莉净光合速率和最大光化学效率降低,暗呼吸速率增高,生物量减小。特别在高光强条件下。ML植株镉积累量最大,对镉污染土壤的植物修复效果较好。     

Characterization of a novel Obg-like ATPase in the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi

We characterized a gene encoding an YchF-related protein, TcYchF, potentially associated with the protein translation machinery of Trypanosoma cruzi. YchF belongs to the translation factor-related (TRAFAC) class of P-loop NTPases. The coding region of the gene is 1185 bp long and encodes a 44.3 kDa protein. BlastX searches showed TcYchF to be very similar (45-86%) to putative GTP-binding proteins from eukaryotes, including some species of trypanosomatids (Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei). A lower but significant level of similarity (38-43%) was also found between the predicted sequences of TcYchF and bacterial YyaF/YchF GTPases of the Spo0B-associated GTP-binding protein (Obg) family. Some of the most important features of the G domain of this family of GTPases are conserved in TcYchF. However, we found that TcYchF preferentially hydrolyzed ATP rather than GTP. The function of YyaF/YchF is unknown, but other members of the Obg family are known to be associated with ribosomal subunits. Immunoblots of the polysome fraction from sucrose gradients showed that TcYchF was associated with ribosomal subunits and polysomes. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that TcYchF was also associated with the proteasome of T. cruzi. Furthermore, inactivation of the T. brucei homolog of TcYchF by RNA interference inhibited the growth of procyclic forms of the parasite. These data suggest that this protein plays an important role in the translation machinery of trypanosomes.     

三种植物与紫红链霉菌组合灭螺效果

探讨了不同植物与紫红链霉菌组合的灭螺效果,为研制高效低毒植物灭螺剂提供依据。将天名精（Carpesium abrotanoides）、苍耳子（Xanthium sibiricum）、青蒿（Artemisia carvifolia）3种植物水浸液分别与紫红链霉菌液（Streptomyces violaceoruber）组合后对钉螺进行浸杀对比实验,并比较了相同植物与紫红链霉菌液的复合颗粒灭螺剂的灭螺效果。结果表明：天名精、苍耳子与紫红链霉菌复合颗粒灭螺剂7 d钉螺死亡率分别比其1%混合液提高17.6%（P=0.019）和5.3%(P=0.362);青蒿与链霉菌复合颗粒灭螺剂7 d钉螺死亡率比其1%混合液降低6.7%(P=0.022);天名精、苍耳子和链霉菌复合颗粒灭螺剂较其混合液具有一定的增效作用。     

不同种植模式对烤烟根系和叶片衰老特性的影响

以烤烟品种K326为试材,采用大田试验研究了广东南雄地区不同种植模式（单行种植+前期垄体覆盖地膜、单行种植+前期垄体覆盖地膜+后期垄体覆盖稻草、双行凹垄种植+前期垄体覆盖地膜和双行凹垄种植+前期垄体覆盖地膜+后期垄体覆盖稻草）对烤烟根系和叶片衰老特性,以及烤后烟叶经济性状的影响.结果表明：与其他种植模式相比,双行凹垄种植+前期垄体覆盖地膜+后期垄体覆盖稻草处理显著促进了各时期烤烟根系生长,根系活力提高;叶片叶绿素含量和保护酶(SOD、POD)活性均较高,而MDA含量较低,烤后烟叶的产量、产值、均价和上等烟比例等经济性状均显著高于其他处理.双行凹垄种植+前期垄体覆盖地膜+后期垄体覆盖稻草处理可以改善烤烟根系和叶片衰老特性,提高烤后烟叶经济性状,是广东南雄地区优质烟叶生产的有效种植模式.     

非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠PPARα基因表达及脂代谢和胰岛素水平的变化

目的观察非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）大鼠肝组织中PPARα基因的表达,并用PPARct激动剂进行干预,探讨其与胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢紊乱的关系。方法大鼠随机分为①正常对照组、②高脂模型组、③PPARα激动剂干预组,利用高脂饮食建立大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝模型。12周后,检测大鼠血脂、肝功能、血糖、胰岛素水平及胰岛素抵抗指数;RT-PCR法分析PPARα基因的表达;观察肝脏的形态学改变。结果PPARa激动剂可降低NAFLD大鼠转氨酶、血脂水平及胰岛素抵抗指数,可促进NAFLD大鼠中PPARa基因的表达;肝脏形态学明显改善。结论PPARα激动剂能改善NAFLD大鼠脂质代谢紊乱,有明显的保肝降酶作用,具有适度的胰岛素增敏作用。PPARα及其配体在NAFLD发病机制及治疗中的进一步深入研究,将为临床防治NAFLD提供新的思路。