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101.
Anne-Ga?lle Biacabe Jorg G Jacobs Anna Bencsik Jan PM Langeveld Thierry GM Baron 《朊病毒》2007,1(1):61-68
We previously reported that some cattle affected by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) showed distinct molecular features of the protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in Western blot, with a 1–2 kDa higher apparent molecular mass of the unglycosylated PrPres associated with labelling by antibodies against the 86–107 region of the bovine PrP protein (H-type BSE). By Western blot analyses of PrPres, we now showed that the essential features initially described in cattle were observed with a panel of different antibodies and were maintained after transmission of the disease in C57Bl/6 mice. In addition, antibodies against the C-terminal region of PrP revealed a second, more C-terminally cleaved, form of PrPres (PrPres #2), which, in unglycosylated form, migrated as a ≈ 14 kDa fragment. Furthermore, a PrPres fragment of ≈7 kDa, which was not labelled by C-terminus-specific antibodies and was thus presumed to be a product of cleavage at both N- and C-terminal sides of PrP protein, was also detected. Both PrPres #2 and ≈7 kDa PrPres were detected in cattle and in C57Bl/6 infected mice. These complex molecular features are reminiscent of findings reported in human prion diseases. This raises questions regarding the respective origins and pathogenic mechanisms in prion diseases of animals and humans.Key Words: prion, BSE, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker, Western blot, amyloid 相似文献
102.
Background
It is generally accepted that a single primary endosymbiosis in the Plantae (red, green (including land plants), and glaucophyte algae) common ancestor gave rise to the ancestral photosynthetic organelle (plastid). Plastid establishment necessitated many steps, including the transfer and activation of endosymbiont genes that were relocated to the nuclear genome of the 'host' followed by import of the encoded proteins into the organelle. These innovations are, however, highly complex and could not have driven the initial formation of the endosymbiosis. We postulate that the re-targeting of existing host solute transporters to the plastid fore-runner was critical for the early success of the primary endosymbiosis, allowing the host to harvest endosymbiont primary production. 相似文献103.
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106.
P. M. Krasilnikov 《Biophysics》2014,59(2):189-198
Proton tunneling in a hydrogen bond can only take place if the potential energy surface has two minima; this is known as a double-well potential. The aim of this work was (i) to present a simple enough 2D model of H-bond double-well potential in harmonic approximation and (ii) to assess how proton transfer therein is affected by H-bond deformations (shifts and turns such as result from conformational motion of molecular structures carrying the donor and the acceptor). It is shown that even small stretching of the H-bond and reorientation of its covalent part (‘bending’) increase the characteristic time of proton tunneling by orders of magnitude. On the other hand, the model, being two-dimensional, demonstrates that different types of deformation not only can aggravate each other but in some cases can be mutually compensatory in terms of proton transfer efficiency. The properties of the model and some implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
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O V Krasilnikov J N Muratkhodjaev S E Voronov Y V Yezepchuk 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1991,1067(2):166-170
The interaction of cholera toxin with planar bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) at low pH results in the formation of ionic channels, the conductance of which can be directly measured in voltage-clamp experiments. It is found that the B-subunit of cholera toxin (CT-B) also is able to induce ionic channels in BLM whereas the A-subunit is not able to do it. The increase of pH inhibited the channel-forming activity of CT-B. The investigation of pH-dependences of both the conductance and the cation-anion selectivity of the CT-B channel allowed us to suggest that the water pore of this channel is confined to the B-subunit of cholera toxin. The effective diameter of the CT-B channels water pores was directly measured in BLM and is equal to 2.1 +/- 0.2 nm. The channels formed by whole toxin and its B-subunit exhibit voltage-dependent activity. We believe these channels are relevant to the mode of action of cholera toxin and especially to the endosomal pathway of the A-subunit into cells. 相似文献
110.
The population of testate amoebas in the soils of pine forests in Mexico has been studied. In total, 68 species, varieties,
and types of testate amoebas with cosmopolite distribution were found. The species diversity of the testate population includes
hygrophilous species that differ from hygrophilous species with Luvisols in higher Andosols. Comparative analysis using the
results of one available study of soil testate amoebas from Mexico has been carried out (Bonnet, 1977). 相似文献