Regularities of morphogenesis of the coccygeosacral articulation in Anura

The regularities in the formation of different types of Anura coccygeosacral articulations have been determined. A review of factors that affect the form of this articulation is presented. It has been established that the determinant role in the formation of a moveable or immoveable articulation is played by the topography and time of the appearance of muscles in the coccygeosacral area. The proposed mechanisms explain not only the diversity of structural norms depending on this feature, but also options of individual variability.     

The effect of the cultivation conditions on lectin production by representative bacteria in the genus Bacillus

Dynamics of the lectin activity accumulation in the culture liquid was studied through the example of certain representatives of spore-forming aerobic bacteria in the process of their growth. The environmental factors (the temperature, pH value, the presence of definite carbohydrates in the medium) were investigated for their effect on the biosynthesis of extracellular lectins by producers. Based on these studies it was possible to establish optimal conditions of cultivation and to obtain the high specific lectin activity of the culture liquid for each strain.     

Possibility of the intrauterine sensitization to benzylpenicillin and ampicillin in Syrian hamsters]

Immunization of Syrian female hamsters with benzylpenicillin and ampicillin resulted in positive skin reactions of the retarded type and decreased titers of the blood antihistamine factor (AHF) in a part of the posterity. Penicillin allergy was in particular observed in the posterity of the female hamsters immunited before the pregnancy. The state of allergy to penicillins was found in the posterity of the female hamsters with both the positive and negative skin reactions on immunization during the 2nd half of the pregnancy.     

Physicochemical Processes That Probably Originated Life

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - The material and energetic resources for the abiotic syntheses of substances, which provide the formation of prebiological structures have been analyzed....     

New direct dynamic models of protein interactions coupled to photosynthetic electron transport reactions

This review covers the methods of computer simulation of protein interactions taking part in photosynthetic electron transport reactions. A direct multiparticle simulation method that simulates reactions describing interactions of ensembles of molecules in the heterogeneous interior of a cell is developed. In the models, protein molecules move according to the laws of Brownian dynamics, mutually orient themselves in the electrical field, and form complexes in the 3D scene. The method allows us to visualize the processes of molecule interactions and to calculate the rate constants for protein complex formation reactions in the solution and in the photosynthetic membrane. Three-dimensional multiparticle computer models for simulating the complex formation kinetics for plastocyanin with photosystem I and cytochrome bf complex, and ferredoxin with photosystem I and ferredoxin:NADP⁺-reductase are considered. Effects of ionic strength are featured for wild type and mutant proteins. The computer multiparticle models describe nonmonotonic dependences of complex formation rates on the ionic strength as the result of long-range electrostatic interactions.