褪黑激素对休情期银黑狐腔前卵泡卵母细胞超微结构的影响

为了研究褪黑激素(Melatonin,MLT)对休情期银黑狐腔前卵泡卵母细胞超微结构的影响。本研究选取健康7月龄埋植和未埋植MLT的银黑狐各5只,取其左侧卵巢共计10枚,制备超薄切片后利用透射电镜分别观察每枚卵巢的各级腔前卵泡各1-5个,并进行拍照。结果埋植和未埋植MLT的银黑狐原始卵泡卵母细胞内均有少量线粒体和高尔基体,而未埋植MLT的银黑狐卵母细胞中还可见少量滑面内质网;初级卵泡卵母细胞内,均开始形成不完整透明带,线粒体及内质网数量均有所增加,沿透明带出现少量皮质颗粒;次级卵泡阶段,未埋植MLT银黑狐卵母细胞微绒毛数量较埋植MLT的多,其余细胞器未见差异。结果表明,MLT对休情期银黑狐卵巢腔前卵泡卵母细胞的线粒体、脂滴、高尔基体、皮质颗粒等细胞器的发育没有影响,仅对初级卵泡阶段内质网的发育有抑制作用。     

Connexin46 Is Retained as Monomers in a trans-Golgi Compartment of Osteoblastic Cells

Connexins are gap junction proteins that form aqueous channels to interconnect adjacent cells. Rat osteoblasts express connexin43 (Cx43), which forms functional gap junctions at the cell surface. We have found that ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma cells, UMR 106-01 osteosarcoma cells, and primary rat calvarial osteoblastic cells also express another gap junction protein, Cx46. Cx46 is a major component of plasma membrane gap junctions in lens. In contrast, Cx46 expressed by osteoblastic cells was predominantly localized to an intracellular perinuclear compartment, which appeared to be an aspect of the TGN as determined by immunofluorescence colocalization. Hela cells transfected with rat Cx46 cDNA (Hela/Cx46) assembled Cx46 into functional gap junction channels at the cell surface. Both rat lens and Hela/Cx46 cells expressed 53-kD (nonphosphorylated) and 68-kD (phosphorylated) forms of Cx46; however, only the 53-kD form was produced by osteoblasts. To examine connexin assembly, monomers were resolved from oligomers by sucrose gradient velocity sedimentation analysis of 1% Triton X-100–solubilized extracts. While Cx43 was assembled into multimeric complexes, ROS cells contained only the monomer form of Cx46. In contrast, Cx46 expressed by rat lens and Hela/Cx46 cells was assembled into multimers. These studies suggest that assembly and cell surface expression of two closely related connexins were differentially regulated in the same cell. Furthermore, oligomerization may be required for connexin transport from the TGN to the cell surface.     

群体感应在生物强化功能菌定殖及降解能力增强中的作用研究进展

由于难降解有机污染物和外界环境对水处理系统的冲击干扰,污水水质常出现不达标现象。引入外源含有相关功能基因并且具有基因水平转移能力的工程菌株进行生物强化处理是提高污水处理效能的有效措施。污水处理系统中存在能够分泌信号分子的菌体,菌间具有群体感应现象,当种群密度达到感应阈值时,菌体会通过释放信号分子来触发一些群体行为,从而激活相关基因的表达(如生物膜形成、生物发光、抗生素合成和毒力因子表达等)。早期的群体感应技术研究主要集中在信号传递学、微生物社会行为学和医学微生物领域,近年来,在水处理领域也开始有相继报道,研究表明群体感应在污水生物处理中发挥重要作用,并且影响生物强化菌株的定殖和污染物降解,因此群体感应行为调控是生物强化技术成效显著与否的关键因素。本文综述了群体感应及信号分子的作用机制、信号分子释放及存在的影响因素以及群体感应对菌株定殖、微生物群落结构和污染物去除的影响,并对从群体感应角度出发研究生物强化过程进行了展望,旨在为生物强化技术的有效实施及提升污水处理效能提供一种新思路,为深入理解生物强化过程中群体感应调控行为提供理论参考。     

苦瓜叶片结构与白粉病抗性的关系

以不同抗白粉病的苦瓜品系幼苗为材料,对它们的叶片及上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织及海绵组织厚度、叶片结构紧密度及疏松度、蜡质含量、比叶重、气孔及茸毛密度等叶片结构进行观察比较,探讨苦瓜白粉病抗性与其主要叶片结构指标的关系。结果显示:（1）抗病苦瓜品系叶片的蜡质含量显著高于感病品系,与病情指数呈显著负相关关系,蜡质层是其抵抗和延迟病原菌侵入的一个有力结构屏障。（2）感病品系叶片的气孔和叶背面茸毛数量显著多于抗病品系,且叶背面的气孔及茸毛密度与病情指数呈显著正相关关系,即气孔和茸毛越少越抗病。（3）抗病苦瓜品系的叶片栅栏组织以及海绵组织排列整齐、紧密,而高感品系的叶片组织出现大量孔隙,较难观察到完整细胞。（4）抗病品系叶片厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、叶片结构紧密度明显高于感病品系,而感病品系的海绵组织厚度、叶片结构疏松度明显高于抗病品系;且苦瓜比叶重与其白粉病抗性关系不大。研究认为,苦瓜叶片蜡质含量、叶背面气孔及茸毛密度可以作为苦瓜白粉病抗性鉴定的参考指标。     

浙江台州刺齿䖴属一新种及其一龄幼体描述（弹尾纲：长角䖴科）

记述了浙江省刺齿属一腹部第四节前缘"眉毛"仅具4根大刚毛的新种:四毛刺齿Homidia quadriseta Pan sp.nov.。此新种的鉴定特征是腹部第3节整节以及第4节的后半节为深色,腹部第3节中间具1根大刚毛,腹部第4节前缘"眉毛"具2+2大刚毛,后侧中间具3根大刚毛,上唇基具12根刚毛,齿节内侧刺少(7–8根)且多数呈细纤毛状;同时,本文还描述了该新种的一龄幼虫。模式标本保存于台州学院生命科学学院。     

Cardiac Restricted Overexpression of Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Causes Adverse Myocardial Remodeling following Myocardial Infarction

The membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a unique member of the MMP family, but induction patterns and consequences of MT1-MMP overexpression (MT1-MMPexp), in a left ventricular (LV) remodeling process such as myocardial infarction (MI), have not been explored. MT1-MMP promoter activity (murine luciferase reporter) increased 20-fold at 3 days and 50-fold at 14 days post-MI. MI was then induced in mice with cardiac restricted MT1-MMPexp (n = 58) and wild type (WT, n = 60). Post-MI survival was reduced (67% versus 46%, p < 0.05), and LV ejection fraction was lower in the post-MI MT1-MMPexp mice compared with WT (41 ± 2 versus 32 ± 2%,p < 0.05). In the post-MI MT1-MMPexp mice, LV myocardial MMP activity, as assessed by radiotracer uptake, and MT1-MMP-specific proteolytic activity using a specific fluorogenic assay were both increased by 2-fold. LV collagen content was increased by nearly 2-fold in the post-MI MT1-MMPexp compared with WT. Using a validated fluorogenic construct, it was discovered that MT1-MMP proteolytically processed the pro-fibrotic molecule, latency-associated transforming growth factor-1 binding protein (LTBP-1), and MT1-MMP-specific LTBP-1 proteolytic activity was increased by 4-fold in the post-MI MT1-MMPexp group. Early and persistent MT1-MMP promoter activity occurred post-MI, and increased myocardial MT1-MMP levels resulted in poor survival, worsening of LV function, and significant fibrosis. A molecular mechanism for the adverse LV matrix remodeling with MT1-MMP induction is increased processing of pro-fibrotic signaling molecules. Thus, a proteolytically diverse portfolio exists for MT1-MMP within the myocardium and likely plays a mechanistic role in adverse LV remodeling.     

Cardiac-restricted overexpression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer causes myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in aging mice

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role in adverse left ventricular (LV) myocardial remodeling. The transmembrane protein extracellular MMP inducer (EMMPRIN) causes increased MMP expression in vitro, and elevated levels occur in patients with LV failure. However, the direct consequences of a prolonged increase in the myocardial expression of EMMPRIN in vivo remained unexplored. Cardiac-restricted EMMPRIN expression (EMMPRINexp) was constructed in mice using the full-length human EMMPRIN gene ligated to the myosin heavy chain promoter, which yielded approximately a twofold increase in EMMPRIN compared with that of the age/strain-matched wild-type (WT) mice; EMMPRINexp (n=27) and WT (n=33) mice were examined at 3.2+/-0.1 or at 13.3+/-0.5 mo of age (n=43 and 26, respectively). LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) was similar in young EMMPRINexp and WT mice (54+/-2 vs. 57+/-3 microl), but LV ejection fraction (EF) was reduced (51+/-1 vs. 57+/-1%; P<0.05). In old EMMPRINexp mice, LV EDV was increased compared with WT mice values (76+/-3 vs. 58+/-3 microl; P<0.05) and LV EF was significantly reduced (45+/-1 vs. 57+/-2%; P<0.05). In EMMPRINexp old mice, myocardial MMP-2 and membrane type-1 MMP levels were increased by >50% from WT values (P<0.05) and were accompanied by a twofold higher collagen content (P<0.05). Persistent myocardial EMMPRINexp in aging mice caused increased levels of both soluble and membrane type MMPs, fibrosis, and was associated with adverse LV remodeling. These findings suggest that EMMPRIN is an upstream signaling pathway that can play a mechanistic role in adverse remodeling within the myocardium.     

Functionally different states of the "hydrophobic pocket" of the myosin ATPase center]

The influence of an increased temperature (39 degrees C) on a denaturation of 50 kDa-fragment of myosin subfragment 1 was studied in the presence of different nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) and nucleoside diphosphates (NDP). The degree of the denaturation was appreciated evaluated from its trypsinolysis depth. According to their protective influence NTP and NDP were shown to arrange in lines ATP greater than or equal to CTP greater than UTP greater than GTP and ADP greater than GDP greater than CDP greater than UDP, correspondingly. The results received and the literature data allow to suggest that there are at least two states of ATPase site hydrophobic pocket, one of which in responsible for sharp ATPase reaction slowing-down on the stage of macroergic bonding splitting.     

Kinetic characteristics of Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase from the rat liver in the early stages after x-ray irradiation]

The changes of kinetic characteristics (apparent Km and Vmax) of the Ca2+ phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) from the rat liver for substrates ATP and histone Hl 2 and 24 hours after total X-ray irradiation have been established. The obtained results evidence for the important role of these changes in early radiosensitivity of protein kinase C.