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171.
Fuxun Yu Ferdinard Adungo Samson Limbaso Konongoi Shingo Inoue Rosemary Sang Salame Ashur Allan ole Kwallah Leo Uchida Corazon C Buerano Matilu Mwau Yan Zha Yingjie Nie Kouichi Morita 《Virology journal》2018,15(1):178
Background
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis. To detect RVF virus (RVFV) infection, indirect immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) which utilize recombinant RVFV nucleocapsid (RVFV-N) protein as assay antigen, have reportedly been used, however, there is still a need to develop more sensitive and specific methods of detection.Methods
RVFV-N protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and purified by histidine-tag based affinity chromatography. This recombinant RVFV-N (rRVFV-N) protein was then used as antigen to develop an IgG sandwich ELISA and IgM capture ELISAs for human sera. Ninety six serum samples collected from healthy volunteers during the RVF surveillance programme in Kenya in 2013, and 93 serum samples collected from RVF-suspected patients during the 2006–2007 RVF outbreak in Kenya were used respectively, to evaluate the newly established rRVFV-N protein-based IgG sandwich ELISA and IgM capture ELISA systems in comparison with the inactivated virus-based ELISA systems.Results
rRVFV-N protein-based-IgG sandwich ELISA and IgM capture ELISA for human sera were established. Both the new ELISA systems were in 100% concordance with the inactivated virus-based ELISA systems, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%.Conclusions
Recombinant RVFV-N is a safe and affordable antigen for RVF diagnosis. Our rRVFV-N-based ELISA systems are safe and reliable tools for diagnosis of RVFV infection in humans and especially useful in large-scale epidemiological investigation and for application in developing countries.172.
Longlong Tang Tatsuya Nagashima Kouichi Hasegawa Toshimasa Ohara Kengo Sudo Norihiro Itsubo 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2018,23(12):2300-2310
Purpose
Health damage from ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) shows large regional variations and can have an impact on a global scale due to its transboundary movement. However, existing damage factors (DFs) for human health in life cycle assessments (LCA) are calculated only for a few limited regions based on various regional chemical transport models (CTMs). The aim of this research is to estimate the human health DFs of PM2.5 originating from ten different regions of the world by using one global CTM.Methods
The DFs express changes in worldwide disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to unit emission of black carbon and organic carbon (BCOC), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). DFs for ten regions were calculated as follows. Firstly, we divided the whole world into ten regions. With a global CTM (MIROC-ESM-CHEM), we estimated the concentration change of PM2.5 on the world caused by changes in the emission of a targeted precursor substance from a specific region. Secondly, we used population data and epidemiological concentration response functions (CRFs) of mortality and morbidity to estimate changes in the word’s DALYs occurring due to changes in the concentration of PM2.5. Finally, the above calculations were done for all ten regions.Results and discussion
DFs of BCOC, NO x , and SO2 for ten regions were estimated. The range of DFs could be up to one order of magnitude among the ten regions in each of the target substances. While population density was an important parameter, variation in transport of PM2.5 on a continental level occurring due to different emission regions was found to have a significant influence on DFs. Especially for regions of Europe, Russia, and the Middle East, the amount of damage which occurred outside of the emitted region was estimated at a quarter, a quarter, and a third of their DFs, respectively. It was disclosed that the DFs will be underestimated if the transboundary of PM2.5 is not taken into account in those regions.Conclusions
The human health damage factors of PM2.5 produced by BCOC, NO x , and SO2 are estimated for ten regions by using one global chemical transport model. It became clear that the variation of transport for PM2.5 on a continental level greatly influences the regionality in DFs. For further research to quantify regional differences, it is important to consider the regional values of concentration response function (CRF) and DALY loss per case of disease or death.173.
Large‐scale culture of a megakaryocytic progenitor cell line with a single‐use bioreactor system
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Retno Wahyu Nurhayati Yoshihiro Ojima Takeaki Dohda Masahiro Kino‐Oka 《Biotechnology progress》2018,34(2):362-369
The increasing application of regenerative medicine has generated a growing demand for stem cells and their derivatives. Single‐use bioreactors offer an attractive platform for stem cell expansion owing to their scalability for large‐scale production and feasibility of meeting clinical‐grade standards. The current work evaluated the capacity of a single‐use bioreactor system (1 L working volume) for expanding Meg01 cells, a megakaryocytic (MK) progenitor cell line. Oxygen supply was provided by surface aeration to minimize foaming and orbital shaking was used to promote oxygen transfer. Oxygen transfer rates (kLa) of shaking speeds 50, 100, and 125 rpm were estimated to be 0.39, 1.12, and 10.45 h?1, respectively. Shaking speed was a critical factor for optimizing cell growth. At 50 rpm, Meg01 cells exhibited restricted growth due to insufficient mixing. A negative effect occurred when the shaking speed was increased to 125 rpm, likely caused by high hydrodynamic shear stress. The bioreactor culture achieved the highest growth profile when shaken at 100 rpm, achieving a total expansion rate up to 5.7‐fold with a total cell number of 1.2 ± 0.2 × 109 cells L?1. In addition, cells expanded using the bioreactor system could maintain their potency to differentiate following the MK lineage, as analyzed from specific surface protein and morphological similarity with the cells grown in the conventional culturing system. Our study reports the impact of operational variables such as shaking speed for growth profile and MK differentiation potential of a progenitor cell line in a single‐use bioreactor. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:362–369, 2018 相似文献
174.
Ikuo Yasumasu Eigoro Tazawa Kouichi Asami Akiko Fujiwara 《Development, growth & differentiation》1996,38(4):359-371
In unfertilized eggs of the sea urchin, the quite low respiratory rate is enhanced by tetramethyl- p -phenylenediamine (TMPD), phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and sperm and this augmentation is completely inhibited by carbon monoxide (CO). Exposure to light releases eggs from this CO-mediated inhibition. The action spectra for photoreactivation of CO-inhibited cytochrome c oxidase in isolated mitochondria and CO-blocked respiration in TMPD-treated eggs were found to be similar to the absorption spectrum of CO-bound cytochrome aa 3 . In PMS-treated eggs and fertilized eggs, the maximum photoreactivation of CO-inhibited respiration occurred at a light fluence rate higher than that for maximum photoreactivation of CO-inhibited respiration in TMPD-treated eggs, with peaks at the same wavelengths as those in the absorption spectrum of reduced cytochrome b. A similar phenomenon was seen for NADH cytochrome c reductase in mitochondria. Thus, cytochrome c oxidase and NADH cytochrome c reductase, whose activities are not altered by fertilization, seem to be functional, even in unfertilized eggs. In unfertilized eggs, difference spectra indicated that PMS and sperm augmented cytochrome b reduction and that TMPD accelerated cytochrome c reduction without cytochrome b reduction. Therefore, it is likely that depression of electron transport to cytochrome b , which is augmented by PMS and sperm, is responsible for the low respiratory rate in unfertilized eggs. 相似文献
175.
Optimum medium for large-scale culture of Tetraselmis tetrathele 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The prasinophyte Tetraselmis tetrathele is an alga commonly used as livefood for aquatic animal larvae. The alga is usually cultured in Guillard& Ryther medium (Guillard F) or a fertilizer enriched seawater mediumfor the large-scale culture of Nannochloropsis. However, Guillard F is toocomplicated to use for large-scale culture, and some fertilizers are impureand insoluble. A new enriched seawater medium for the large-scale culture ofT. tetrathele (ES-T.T.) was formulated by modifying the Guillard F medium.NaNO3, NaH2PO4, Fe-EDTA andMnCl2were selected as essential additives for the medium bysystematically removing each additive of Guillard F. Results from axenicculture experiments, using an artificial seawater medium, the requiredamount of these additives was estimated to be, 150 mg NaNO3,10 mg NaH2PO4 · 2H20, 15 mgFe-EDTA and 360 µg MnCl2 · 4H2O,per liter of seawater. The productive rate of T. tetrathele in ES-T.T. washigher than in a fertilized medium in a 100 liter outdoor cultureexperiment. In 10 liter indoor culture experiments, no significantdifference was detected in production rates between ES-T.T. and Guillard F.Therefore, ES-T.T. is simple and effective to use as a large-scale culturemedium for T. tetrathele. 相似文献
176.
The larval development of the Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus, was surveyed using two types of morphometric analyses, modified allometry and polar coordinate analysis by principal component
analysis (PCA). In the former, centroid size was used as a growth index instead of total length (TL), such enabling the determination
of more detailed changes in each character than ordinary allometry based upon TL. Polar coordinate analysis disclosed two
remarkable inflexions during the larval development ofP. olivaceus. Postlarvae ofP. olivaceus were found to undergo four developmental phases. From the point of view of metamorphosis, the phases were named drifting
larva, premetamorphic larva, metamorphic larva and postmetamorphic larva, respectively. These phases were also tested by other
characters related to flounder metamorphosis. 相似文献
177.
RGM1, a cell line derived from normal gastric mucosa of rat 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
178.
Developmental expression of extracellular matrix components in intramuscular connective tissue of bovine semitendinosus muscle 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
T. Nishimura Kouichi Ojima Akihito Hattori Koui Takahashi 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1997,107(3):215-221
We have investigated the expression patterns of extracellular matrix components in intramuscular connective tissue during
the development of bovine semitendinosus muscle by means of indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Types I, III, V, and VI
collagen and fibronectin were located in the endomysium and the perimysium. Type IV collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate
proteoglycans (PGs) were exclusively located in the endomysium, and dermatan sulfate PGs existed only in the perimysium. The
localization of these components in the intramuscular connective tissue of semitendinosus muscle remained unchanged throughout
prenatal and postnatal growth of cattle, suggesting that they are essential for forming and maintaining structures of the
endomysium and perimysium in bovine semitendinosus muscle. On the other hand, decorin was undetectable in the endomysium of
neonates, although other matrix components were already expressed. It was expressed slightly in the endomysium of 2-month-old
calves, and clearly detectable in the endomysium of cattle more than 6 months old. Chondroitin sulfate PGs were barely detectable
in the perimysium of fetuses and neonatal calves, and progressively appeared during postnatal development of the muscle. It
seems likely that these PGs are closely related to the postnatal development of the endomysium and perimysium.
Accepted: 30 October 1996 相似文献
179.