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11.
The effects of actinomycin D on fibrillation activity, acetylcholine sensitivity and resting membrane potential of denervated muscles of the rat was studied. Actinomycin D (0.7 mg/kg I.V.) administered 1 day after denervation delays the appearance of fibrillation for approximately 3 days. If this drug is given 5–7 days after denervation, it is also capable of blocking the already established fibrillation but fails to suppress extrajunctional cholinergic receptors and to reverse the fall in resting potential. The mechanical responses of denervated muscles are unaffected by actinomycin D. These results suggest that in fibrillation a genetic induction of newly formed RNA and protein is involved. It is also suggested that these molecules probably have a more rapid turnover than those required for the formation of extrasynaptic receptors in denervated muscle. 相似文献
12.
以普通小麦品种‘轮选988’为材料,采用溶液培养法,研究了根施不同浓度甜菜碱(1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、10.0、15.0、20.0mmol·L~(-1))对镍(100μmol·L~(-1) NiSO_4)胁迫下小麦根系生长的影响,以及4.0mmol·L~(-1)甜菜碱处理镍胁迫幼苗根系相关抗逆生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:(1)与不施加镍对照相比,镍胁迫下小麦幼苗的根长、株高、鲜重和干重分别显著降低了14.7%、11.7%、15.0%和16.7%。(2)与单独镍胁迫处理相比,小麦幼苗的根长、株高、鲜重和干重均随着根施甜菜碱的浓度逐渐增加且呈先升后降的趋势,并以4.0mmol·L~(-1)外源甜菜碱处理效果较佳。(3)与单独镍胁迫处理相比较,在4.0mmol·L~(-1)外源甜菜碱处理下,小麦幼苗根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性分别升高了284.7%、40.3%、82.9%和20.4%,超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)含量、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量分别显著降低了50.6%、38.4%和40.6%,可溶性糖含量及游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量分别显著降低了19.2%、45.4%,而根系活力大幅上升了358.0%。研究认为,根施适宜浓度外源甜菜碱可显著增强小麦幼苗根系的抗氧化能力,恢复根系活力,从而有效减弱镍胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的伤害。 相似文献
13.
Data for the historical years 1970 and 1995 and the FAO-Agriculture Towards 2030 projection are used to calculate N inputs (N fertilizer, animal manure, biological N fixation and atmospheric deposition) and the N export from the field in harvested crops and grass and grass consumption by grazing animals. In most industrialized countries we see a gradual increase of the overall N recovery of the intensive agricultural production systems over the whole 1970-2030 period. In contrast, low N input systems in many developing countries sustained low crop yields for many years but at the cost of soil fertility by depleting soil nutrient pools. In most developing countries the N recovery will increase in the coming decades by increasing efficiencies of N use in both crop and livestock production systems. The surface balance surplus of N is lost from the agricultural system via different pathways, including NH3 volatilization, denitrification, N2O and NO emissions, and nitrate leaching from the root zone. Global NH3-N emissions from fertilizer and animal manure application and stored manure increased from 18 to 34 Tg·yr-1 between 1970 and 1995, and will further increase to 44 Tg·yr-1 in 2030. Similar developments are seen for N2O-N (2.0 Tg·yr-1 in 1970, 2.7 Tg·yr-1 in 1995 and 3.5 Tg·yr-1 in 2030) and NO-N emissions (1.1 Tg·yr-1 in 1970, 1.5Tg·yr-1 in 1995 and 2.0 Tg·yr-1 in 2030). 相似文献
14.
VLJ Whitehall TD Dumenil DM McKeone CE Bond ML Bettington RL Buttenshaw L Bowdler GW Montgomery LF Wockner BA Leggett 《Epigenetics》2014,9(11):1454-1460
The CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) is fundamental to an important subset of colorectal cancer; however, its cause is unknown. CIMP is associated with microsatellite instability but is also found in BRAF mutant microsatellite stable cancers that are associated with poor prognosis. The isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene causes CIMP in glioma due to an activating mutation that produces the 2-hydroxyglutarate oncometabolite. We therefore examined IDH1 alteration as a potential cause of CIMP in colorectal cancer. The IDH1 mutational hotspot was screened in 86 CIMP-positive and 80 CIMP-negative cancers. The entire coding sequence was examined in 81 CIMP-positive colorectal cancers. Forty-seven cancers varying by CIMP-status and IDH1 mutation status were examined using Illumina 450K DNA methylation microarrays. The R132C IDH1 mutation was detected in 4/166 cancers. All IDH1 mutations were in CIMP cancers that were BRAF mutant and microsatellite stable (4/45, 8.9%). Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis identified an IDH1 mutation-like methylation signature in approximately half of the CIMP-positive cancers. IDH1 mutation appears to cause CIMP in a small proportion of BRAF mutant, microsatellite stable colorectal cancers. This study provides a precedent that a single gene mutation may cause CIMP in colorectal cancer, and that this will be associated with a specific epigenetic signature and clinicopathological features. 相似文献
15.
目的:研究双源CT冠状动脉血管成像诊断心肌桥的临床价值。方法:选择260例具有典型心前区不适的患者进行双源CT冠脉血管成像检查,观察其发生部位,测量其长度和深度并进行分析。结果:260例受检患者中,62例共70段存在心肌桥,检出率达20.76%,高于文献报道的检出率18.2%。所有心肌桥均发生于左前降支,其中近段17段(24.4%),中段43段(61.4%),远段10段(14.2%)。心肌桥平均长度为15.8±6.4mm,深度为1.4±0.85mm。结论:双源CT冠状动脉血管成像因其便捷无创,不受心率严格限制且价格低廉可作为心肌桥筛查的理想检查手段。 相似文献
16.
17.
目的:探讨MR弥散加权成像(DWI)鉴别诊断良恶性椎体压缩性骨折的临床价值。方法:对57例经临床或病理证实的椎体良恶性压缩性骨折患者行矢状位T1M、T2WI、T2WI/FS及DWI扫描,研究其在常规序列和DWI序列上的表现,将常规MR序列和DWI序列检出率进行比较,测量正常椎体及病变椎体的表观弥散系数(ADC)值,并进行统计学分析。结果:(1)MR常规序列和DWI序列(b=500s/mm2)表现:良性椎体压缩性骨折呈长T1长或等T2改变,T2WI/FS呈高信号,DWI可以呈高信号、等信号及低信号;恶性椎体压缩性骨折呈长T1长T2信号,大部分病灶T2WUFS及DWI呈高信号,少数变现为低信号;(2)MR常规序列和DWI序列(b=500s/mm2)病灶检出率的比较:T1WI、T2WI/FS及DWI序列病灶检出率均高于T2WI序列,其间的差别有显著性意义(P〈0.01),T1WI、T2WI/FS及DWI序列病灶检出率之间无显著性差异(P〉0.01);(3)ADC值比较:在DWI(b=500s/mm2)上,良性组ADC值为(2.03±0.83)×10^3mm^2/s,恶性组ADC值为(1.37±0.75)×10^-3mm^2/s,正常组ADC值为(0.36±0.21)×10^-3mm^2/s,成像条件相同时,良性组高于恶性组,两组间有明显的统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论:DWI可较好的反映椎体的弥散特征,ADC值作为量化指标可对良恶性椎体压缩性骨折进行可靠鉴别。 相似文献
18.
黑皮质素系统来自阿片-促黑素细胞皮质素原,在中枢摄食行为和能量平衡代谢中起到重要作用,此系统生理功能的发挥主要通过与下丘脑神经元细胞上特定膜受体(黑皮质素受体)结合完成。黑皮质素受体(MCR)有五种亚型(MC1R-MC5R),其中参与体重调节的受体主要是黑皮质素受体3(MC3R)和黑皮质素受体4(MC4R)。MC4R属于G蛋白耦联受体,具有七次跨膜结构。作为一种膜受体,MC4R发挥体重调节作用,一方面受外界激动剂或拮抗剂的调节;另一方面,此受体活化后会影响到细胞内的信号调节通路。研究MC4R的功能首先要了解受体的结构,本文对G蛋白耦联受体的结构进行了较详细的叙述,MC4R经信号调节通路,激活腺苷酸环化酶,增加cAMP的浓度,最终通过影响细胞内基因的转录和翻译,来调节体重和能量的消耗。 相似文献
19.
莲藕干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
连续2年采用盆栽试验研究了莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配规律。结果表明:莲藕苗期以叶片生长并积累光合产物为主,膨大根状茎成型后,叶片、叶柄和根状茎中的干物质不断运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,以产量形成为主,干物质累积总量增长呈"慢-快-稳定"的变化趋势;氮磷钾累积量与干物质累积量变化趋势一致,并与之呈极显著正相关,莲藕氮磷钾养分累积总量之比为1∶0.12∶1.31。移栽后97-160 d是莲藕产量形成的关键时期,不仅叶片、叶柄和根状茎中的氮磷钾随同干物质运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,根系还从土壤中吸收更多的氮磷钾直接运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,后者分别占同期氮磷钾累积量的69.8%、79.2%和75.0%。160 d膨大根状茎中干物质、氮、磷和钾累积量分别平均占植株总累积量的81.1%、85.2%、88.8%和80.2%。 相似文献
20.
Summary The effects of pH on the permeability and conductance of the membranes to nitrate and to chloride of semitendinosus and lumbricalis muscle fibers were examined.Membrane potential responses to quick solution changes were recorded in semitendinosus fibers initially equilibrated in isotonic, high K2SO4 solutions. External solutions were first changed to ones in which either Rb+ or Cs+ replaced K+ and then to solutions containing either NO
3
–
or Cl– to replace SO
4
2–
. The hyperpolarizations produced by Cl– depend on external pH, being smaller in acid than in alkaline solutions. By contrast, hyperpolarizations produced by NO
3
–
were independent of external pH over a pH range from 5.5 to 9.0.In addition, voltage-clamp measurements were made on short lumbricalis muscle fibers. Initially they were equilibrated in isotonic solutions containing mainly K2SO4 plus Na2SO4. KCl or KNO3 were added to the sulfate solutions and the fibers were equilibrated in these new solutions. When finally equilibrated the fibers had the same volume they had in the sulfate solutions before the additions. Constant hyperpolarizing voltage pulses of 0.6-sec duration were applied when all external K+ was replaced by TEA+. For these conditions, inward currents flowing during the voltage pulses were largely carried by Cl– or NO
3
–
depending on the final equilibrating solution. Cl– currents during voltage pulses were both external pH and time dependent. By contrast, NO
3
–
currents were independent of both external pH and time.The voltage dependence of NO
3
–
currents could be fit by constant field equations with aP
NO
3 of 3.7·10–6 cm/sec. The voltage dependence of the initial or instantaneous Cl– currents at pH 7.5 and 9.0 could also be fit by constant field equations with PCl of 5.8·10–6 and 7.9·10–6 cm/sec, respectively. At pH 5.0, no measurable instantaneous Cl– currents were found.From these results we conclude that NO
3
–
does not pass through the pH, time-dependent Cl– channels but rather passes through a distinct set of channels. Furthermore, Cl– ions do not appear to pass through the channels which allow NO
3
–
through. Consequently, the measured ratio ofP
Cl/P
NO
3 based on membrane potential changes to ionic changes made on intact skeletal muscle fibers is not a measure of the selectivity of a single anion channel but rather is a measure of the relative amounts of different channel types. 相似文献