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21.
Yu. I. Drebot L. V. Tumanovskaya V. S. Nagibin V. E. Dosenko P. G. Kostyuk 《Neurophysiology》2008,40(1):10-16
We studied the effects of an agonist of vanilloid receptors (VRs), capsaicin, and of an antagonist of VRs of type 1, capsazepin,
on cultured neurons of the rat hippocampus. In cultures incubated for 1 day in a medium containing 10 μM capsaicin, the numbers
of cytologically normal cells and those with manifestations of necrosis and apoptosis were, on average, 46.4 ± 3.3, 30.7 ±
2.4, and 22.9 ± 5.4%. The latter two values were more than three times greater than the respective indices under control conditions
(P < 0.05). Coincubation of the cells with 10 μM capsaicin and 25 μM capsazepin decreased the normalized number of apoptotic
units by about one-third, while the number of cells with necrotic changes showed nearly no changes. Using confocal microscopy
and staining the cells with a fluorescent dye, JC-1, we found that incubation with capsaicin resulted in a dramatic drop in
the mitochondrial potential in the great majority of cultured cells, while capsazepin somewhat smoothed this effect. Thus,
our data show that the cytotoxic effect of capsaicin is related to changes in the mitochondrial potential and is at least
partially mediated by activation of type-1 VRs.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 13–20, January–February, 2008. 相似文献
22.
It has been shown recently that prolonged blockade of neuronal firing activates several homeostatic mechanisms in neocortical networks, including alteration of glutamatergic and GABA-ergic synaptic transmission, and postsynaptic changes are involved in both cases. We studied whether such treatment also affects GABA-ergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal cell cultures. Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recording and local extracellular stimulation, we investigated evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSC) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons grown with the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) and under control conditions. We found that chronic TTX treatment significantly decreased the amplitude of evoked IPSC. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in the coefficient of variation of the above parameter, which is suggestive of a presynaptic mechanism. In contrast, no changes in the IPSC reversal potential or paired-pulse depression were observed in TTX-treated cultures. We conclude that alteration of GABA-ergic synaptic transmission contributes to the homeostatic plasticity in hippocampal neuronal networks, and this change is at least in part due to a presynaptic mechanism.Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 36, Nos. 5/6, pp. 432–437, September–December, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date and copyright year. 相似文献
23.
Elevations of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]
i
) in rat dorsal horn neurons induced by addition of ATP to the medium were compared in spinal cord slices and after isolation of the neurons. In slices, application of ATP results in an increase in the [Ca2+]
i
by 201 ± 12 nM, on the average; in a Ca2+ -free external solution the respective rise was 156 ± 14 nM (n = 45 of 76 examined cells), which indicate the presence of active purinergic metabotropic receptors in about 59% of the neurons. In freshly isolated neurons with absent dendrites, we found no metabotropic responses. Thus, the results confirm the conclusion on the localization of metabotropic postsynaptic purinoreceptors mostly on the dendritic tree of dorsal horn neurons. 相似文献
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The effects of a nitric oxide (NO)-containing aqueous solution (authentic NO) and hypoxia on low-and high-voltage activated
calcium currents (I
Ca,lva
andI
Ca,hva
, respectively; in the latter transient and sustained portions were differentiated) were studied in enzymatically dispersed
medium-sized neuronal somata from the murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Authentic NO (10 μM) was found to decrease the mean
peak amplitude ofI
Ca,lva
, from 3.5±0.3 to 1.2±0.2 nA (n=11,p<0.001), as well as the amplitudes of transient and sustainedI
Ca,hva
components from 4.5±0.1 to 2.7±0.2 nA and form 2.8±0.2 to 1.7±0.2 nA (n=11;P<0.001), respectively. This NO-induced suppression was reversible and was removed by 1-min-long washout. At the same time,
medium-sized DRG neurons demonstrated relatively low sensitivity to hypoxia (PO2=20–25 mm Hg): decreases of both types ofI
Ca under hypoxic condition were not statistically significant (n=11;p>0.05). The data strongly suggest that NO is capable of reversibly suppressing both types of calcium channels in murine DRG
neurons and of modulating in this way their excitability. It seems likely that this ability is based on a direct effect of
NO on the corresponding channels and not on NO participation in the induction of hypoxic effects. Yet, a hypothesis that NO
is a messenger of hypoxic damage to neural cells still should be suggested. 相似文献
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The distribution of focal potentials over the cross section of the 7th cervical segment of the spinal cord was studied during stimulation of the pyramids, the red nucleus, and a peripheral nerve (ulnar) in adult cats anesthetized with chloralose and Nembutal. The earliest focal potentials in the fasciculus dorsolateralis were recorded 1.4–1.5 msec after stimulation of the pyramids and 0.8–0.9 msec after stimulation of the red nucleus. These times correspond to maximal condution velocities of 56–68 and 105–124 m/sec respectively. The earliest post-synaptic activity in response to pyramidal stimulation was found in the lateral areas of laminae V and VI, and in response to stimulation of the red nucleus in laminae VI and VII in Rexed's classification. The pyramidal wave also evoked considerable postsynaptic activity in medial areas of the dorsal horn. In response to stimulation of peripheral afferents activity was evoked in neurons in the central and medial parts of laminae V and VI. It is postulated on the basis of these results that corticospinal and rubrospinal fibers may be connected monosynaptically with specialized interneurons, free from peripheral influences, in the lateral areas of laminae V and VII respectively; in the lateral part of lamina VI convergence of both types of influences on the same cells is possible. Interaction between descending and afferent influences possibly takes place on more medially located neurons.A.A. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 158–167, March–April, 1972. 相似文献