Prolongation of sleep following creation of a generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in the orbital cortex

Acute experiments on cats showed that injection of tetanus toxin into the orbital cortex (which destroys various types of inhibition) resulted in the formation of a local generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in this cortex area. Chronic experiments showed that cats with such a generator in the orbital cortex developed pathological changes of sleep, expressed in reduction of the duration of wakefulness and development of the slow-wave and paradoxical sleep phases being, retained. The results of this investigation confirm the view on the participation of the orbitofrontal cortex in sleep induction. They are in favour of the general conception on the role of the determinant structure in the nervous system activity and the theory of the generator mechanisms of the neuropathological syndromes characterized by the hyperactivity of the system.     

Epiedmiologic significance of the distribution of corynephages in different collectives]

Corynephage distribution was studied in the nasopharyngeal washings of 252 persons infected with C. diphtheriae of gravis type, toxigenic (21 patients and 147 carriers) and non-toxigenic ones (84 carriers), and in 468 uninfected persons in collective bodies under different epidemic conditions. Corynephages were isolated from the nasopharyngeal washings only in persons infected with toxigenic C. diphtheriae--in 4 (of 21) patients, and in 21% (of 147) carriers. Phages tox+ (4--6.2%) were revealed only in carriers of toxigenic C. diphtheriae with numerous bacteria in the nasopharynx and in diphtheria patients. Carriers of nontoxigenic diphtheria bacilli can become infected with phage tox+ only together with the toxigenic strains (reinfection). The data obtained indicated that toxigenic and nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae strains were individual variants.     

Pathologic anatomy of experimental diseases of small laboratory animals caused by encephalomyocarditis virus (strain EMK-70)]

The results of pathomorphological investigation of the disease in small laboratory animals experimentally induced by the EMC-70 strain of encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from monkeys are presented. Irrespective of the mode of virus injection, the newborn and juvenile mice developed some lesions in the brown fat, transverse-striated muscles, as well as in the brain and heart. In guinea pigs the changes were characterized by the development of severe myocarditis and encephalitis accompanied by viral antigen accumulation. The disease induced by the EMC-70 strain could not be differentiated from the Coxsackie infection by the pathomorphological data. This fact should be taken into consideration in solving some problems pertinent to pathoanatomical diagnosis of viral diseases.