全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1205篇 |
免费 | 52篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 44篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 25篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 62篇 |
2014年 | 57篇 |
2013年 | 109篇 |
2012年 | 129篇 |
2011年 | 145篇 |
2010年 | 123篇 |
2009年 | 90篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 62篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 45篇 |
2004年 | 36篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1257条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Biosynthesis profile and endogenous titers of polyamines differ in totipotent and recalcitrant plant protoplasts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anastasia K. Papadakis Konstantinos A. Paschalidis Kalliopi A. Roubelakis-Angelakis 《Physiologia plantarum》2005,125(1):10-20
The expression of totipotency in plant protoplasts is a complex developmental phenomenon and is affected by genetic and physiological factors. Polyamines (PAs) are known to be involved in a variety of growth and developmental processes in higher plants, as well as in adaptation to stresses. In this study, we present the homeostatic characteristics of the endogenous PA putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) in totipotent (T) and non-totipotent (NT) tobacco protoplasts and in recalcitrant (R) grapevine protoplasts. T-tobacco protoplasts, with high division rates, have the highest level of endogenous PAs. In these protoplasts, the soluble-hydrolyzed fraction predominates and increases, and the insoluble-hydrolyzed fraction also increases, whereas soluble (S) PAs decrease rapidly during culture. The isolation process contributes to the increased Put levels, which are higher in freshly isolated NT-tobacco protoplasts than in T-protoplasts. During culture, total Put predominates over Spd and Spm, and the highest accumulation is found in T-protoplasts. Ornithine decarboxylase and arginase activities both increase in T-protoplasts, whereas arginine decarboxylase activity causes Put accumulation in NT-tobacco protoplasts. R-grapevine protoplasts show a different PA profile, mostly due to the lower PA content, the higher S-fraction, and the higher ratio of Spm to total PAs. The data suggest that the levels and metabolism of the intracellular PAs could be related to the expression of totipotency of plant protoplasts. 相似文献
152.
Adenosine A2A receptors are required for glutamate mGluR5‐ and dopamine D1 receptor‐evoked ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rat hippocampus: involvement of NMDA receptor 下载免费PDF全文
Paraskevi Krania Eleni Dimou Maria Bantouna Stylianos Kouvaros Eirini Tsiamaki Costas Papatheodoropoulos Konstantinos Sarantis Fevronia Angelatou 《Journal of neurochemistry》2018,145(3):217-231
153.
Kantzilakis K Aivaliotis M Kotakis C Krasanakis F Rizos AK Kotzabasis K Tsiotis G 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2007,1768(9):2271-2279
The chlorophyll (Chl)-containing membrane protein complexes from the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus have been isolated from the thylakoid membranes by solubilization with dodecyl-beta-maltoside and fractionation using a sucrose density gradient. The Chl-containing protein fractions were characterized by absorption spectroscopy, tricine SDS PAGE, BN-PAGE, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). BN-PAGE showed the presence of seven protein complexes with molecular weights in the range of 68, 118, 157, 320, 494, 828 and 955 kDa, respectively. Furthermore, light scattering reveals the simultaneous presence of particles of different sizes in the 3-4 nm and 6.0-7.5 nm range, respectively. The smaller size is related to the hydrodynamic radius of the trimer Light Harvesting Complex (LHCII), whereas the larger size is associated with the presence of photosystem I and photosystem II reaction centers. Additionally, functional information regarding protein-protein interactions was deconvoluted using coupling 2-D BN-PAGE, MALDI-TOF MS and a detailed mapping of S. obliquus photosynthetic proteome of the solubilized thylakoid membranes is therefore presented. 相似文献
154.
Patrick Heritier-Robbins Smruthi Karthikeyan Janet K. Hatt Minjae Kim Markus Huettel Joel E. Kostka Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis Luis M. Rodriguez-R 《The ISME journal》2021,15(11):3418
The specialization-disturbance hypothesis predicts that, in the event of a disturbance, generalists are favored, while specialists are selected against. This hypothesis has not been rigorously tested in microbial systems and it remains unclear to what extent it could explain microbial community succession patterns following perturbations. Previous field observations of Pensacola Beach sands that were impacted by the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill provided evidence in support of the specialization-disturbance hypothesis. However, ecological drift as well as uncounted environmental fluctuations (e.g., storms) could not be ruled out as confounding factors driving these field results. In this study, the specialization-disturbance hypothesis was tested on beach sands, disturbed by DWH crude oil, ex situ in closed laboratory advective-flow chambers that mimic in situ conditions in saturated beach sediments. The chambers were inoculated with weathered DWH oil and unamended chambers served as controls. The time series of shotgun metagenomic and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data from a two-month long incubation showed that functional diversity significantly increased while taxonomic diversity significantly declined, indicating a decrease in specialist taxa. Thus, results from this laboratory study corroborate field observations, providing verification that the specialization-disturbance hypothesis can explain microbial succession patterns in crude oil impacted beach sands.Subject terms: Microbial ecology, Community ecology 相似文献
155.
156.
Martina Trokter Catarina Felisberto‐Rodrigues Adam Cryar Konstantinos Thalassinos Richard D Hayward Elena V Orlova Gabriel Waksman 《The EMBO journal》2017,36(20):3080-3095
Type IV secretion (T4S) systems are versatile bacterial secretion systems mediating transport of protein and/or DNA. T4S systems are generally composed of 11 VirB proteins and 1 VirD protein (VirD4). The VirB1‐11 proteins assemble to form a secretion machinery and a pilus while the VirD4 protein is responsible for substrate recruitment. The structure of VirD4 in isolation is known; however, its structure bound to the VirB1‐11 apparatus has not been determined. Here, we purify a T4S system with VirD4 bound, define the biochemical requirements for complex formation and describe the protein–protein interaction network in which VirD4 is involved. We also solve the structure of this complex by negative stain electron microscopy, demonstrating that two copies of VirD4 dimers locate on both sides of the apparatus, in between the VirB4 ATPases. Given the central role of VirD4 in type IV secretion, our study provides mechanistic insights on a process that mediates the dangerous spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial populations. 相似文献
157.
Sara Kleindienst Steven A. Higgins Despina Tsementzi Gao Chen Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis E. Erin Mack Frank E. Löffler 《Systematic and applied microbiology》2017,40(3):150-159
Taxonomic assignments of anaerobic dichloromethane (DCM)-degrading bacteria remain poorly constrained but are important for understanding the microbial diversity of organisms contributing to DCM turnover in environmental systems. We describe the taxonomic classification of a novel DCM degrader in consortium RM obtained from pristine Rio Mameyes sediment. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the DCM degrader was most closely related to members of the genera Dehalobacter and Syntrophobotulus, but sequence similarities did not exceed 94% and 93%, respectively. Genome-aggregate average amino acid identities against Peptococcaceae members did not exceed 66%, suggesting that the DCM degrader does not affiliate with any described genus. Phylogenetic analysis of conserved single-copy functional genes supported that the DCM degrader represents a novel clade. Growth strictly depended on the presence of DCM, which was consumed at a rate of 160 ± 3 μmol L?1 d?1. The DCM degrader attained 5.25 × 107 ± 1.0 × 107 cells per μmol DCM consumed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed rod-shaped cells 4 ± 0.8 μm long and 0.4 ± 0.1 μm wide. Based on the unique phylogenetic, genomic, and physiological characteristics, we propose that the DCM degrader represents a new genus and species, ‘Candidatus Dichloromethanomonas elyunquensis’. 相似文献
158.
Konstantinos Kantartzis Andreas Fritsche Otto Tschritter Claus Thamer Michael Haap Silke Schfer Michael Stumvoll Hans‐Ulrich Hring Norbert Stefan 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2005,13(10):1683-1691
Objective: In humans, low plasma adiponectin concentrations precede a decrease in insulin sensitivity and predict type 2 diabetes independently of obesity. However, it is possible that the contribution of adiponectin to insulin sensitivity is not equally strong over the whole range of obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: We investigated the cross‐sectional association between plasma adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity in different ranges of body fat content [expressed as percentage of body fat (PFAT)] in a large cohort of normal glucose‐tolerant subjects (n = 900). All individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and 299 subjects additionally a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. In longitudinal analyses, the association of adiponectin at baseline with change in insulin sensitivity was investigated in a subgroup of 108 subjects. Results: In cross‐sectional analyses, the association between plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivity, adjusted for age, gender, and PFAT, depended on whether subjects were lean or obese [p for interaction adiponectin × PFAT = <0.001 (OGTT) and 0.002 (clamp)]. Stratified by quartiles of PFAT, adiponectin did not correlate significantly with insulin sensitivity in subjects in the lowest PFAT quartile (R2 = 0.10, p = 0.13, OGTT; and R2 = 0.10, p = 0.57, clamp), whereas the association in the upper PFAT quartile was rather strong (R2 = 0.36, p < 0.0001, OGTT; and R2 = 0.48, p = 0.003, clamp). In longitudinal analyses, plasma adiponectin at baseline preceded change in insulin sensitivity in obese (n = 54, p = 0.03) but not in lean (n = 54, p = 0.68) individuals. Discussion: These data suggest that adiponectin is especially critical in sustaining insulin sensitivity in obese subjects. Thus, interventions to reduce insulin resistance by increasing adiponectin concentrations may be effective particularly in obese, insulin‐resistant individuals. 相似文献
159.
The purposes of this study were to examine the consistency of wheelchair athletes' upper-limb kinematics in consecutive propulsive cycles and to investigate the relationship between the maximum angular velocities of the upper arm and forearm and the consistency of the upper-limb kinematical pattern. Eleven elite international wheelchair racers propelled their own chairs on a roller while performing maximum speeds during wheelchair propulsion. A Qualisys motion analysis system was used to film the wheelchair propulsive cycles. Six reflective markers placed on the right shoulder, elbow, wrist joints, metacarpal, wheel axis, and wheel were automatically digitized. The deviations in cycle time, upper-arm and forearm angles, and angular velocities among these propulsive cycles were analyzed. The results demonstrated that in the consecutive cycles of wheelchair propulsion the increased maximum angular velocity may lead to increased variability in the upper-limb angular kinematics. It is speculated that this increased variability may be important for the distribution of load on different upper-extremity muscles to avoid the fatigue during wheelchair racing. 相似文献
160.
Victor Kunin Alex Copeland Alla Lapidus Konstantinos Mavromatis Philip Hugenholtz 《Microbiology and molecular biology reviews》2008,72(4):557-578
Summary: As random shotgun metagenomic projects proliferate and become the dominant source of publicly available sequence data, procedures for the best practices in their execution and analysis become increasingly important. Based on our experience at the Joint Genome Institute, we describe the chain of decisions accompanying a metagenomic project from the viewpoint of the bioinformatic analysis step by step. We guide the reader through a standard workflow for a metagenomic project beginning with presequencing considerations such as community composition and sequence data type that will greatly influence downstream analyses. We proceed with recommendations for sampling and data generation including sample and metadata collection, community profiling, construction of shotgun libraries, and sequencing strategies. We then discuss the application of generic sequence processing steps (read preprocessing, assembly, and gene prediction and annotation) to metagenomic data sets in contrast to genome projects. Different types of data analyses particular to metagenomes are then presented, including binning, dominant population analysis, and gene-centric analysis. Finally, data management issues are presented and discussed. We hope that this review will assist bioinformaticians and biologists in making better-informed decisions on their journey during a metagenomic project. 相似文献