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11.
Subczynski WK Raguz M Widomska J Mainali L Konovalov A 《The Journal of membrane biology》2012,245(1):51-68
The most unique feature of the eye lens fiber-cell plasma membrane is its extremely high cholesterol content. Cholesterol
saturates the bulk phospholipid bilayer and induces formation of immiscible cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) within the
membrane. Our results (based on EPR spin-labeling experiments with lens-lipid membranes), along with a literature search,
have allowed us to identify the significant functions of cholesterol specific to the fiber-cell plasma membrane, which are
manifest through cholesterol–membrane interactions. The crucial role is played by the CBD. The presence of the CBD ensures
that the surrounding phospholipid bilayer is saturated with cholesterol. The saturating cholesterol content in fiber-cell
membranes keeps the bulk physical properties of lens-lipid membranes consistent and independent of changes in phospholipid
composition. Thus, the CBD helps to maintain lens-membrane homeostasis when the membrane phospholipid composition changes
significantly. The CBD raises the barrier for oxygen transport across the fiber-cell membrane, which should help to maintain
a low oxygen concentration in the lens interior. It is hypothesized that the appearance of the CBD in the fiber-cell membrane
is controlled by the phospholipid composition of the membrane. Saturation with cholesterol smoothes the phospholipid-bilayer
surface, which should decrease light scattering and help to maintain lens transparency. Other functions of cholesterol include
formation of hydrophobic and rigidity barriers across the bulk phospholipid-cholesterol domain and formation of hydrophobic
channels in the central region of the membrane for transport of small, nonpolar molecules parallel to the membrane surface.
In this review, we provide data supporting these hypotheses. 相似文献
12.
Kremneva EI Chernikova LA Konovalov RN Krotenkova MV Saenko IV Kozlovskaia IB 《Fiziologiia cheloveka》2012,38(1):61-68
Studies of the control movements mechanisms have been performed in the interest of space medicine were the basis for the development of the concept about the leading role of the support afferent input in the regulation of postural-tonic system of mammals. Introduction of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) made it possible to investigate in-vivo brain mapping during stimulation of support afferent input. The aim of our study was to investigate brain activation due to mechanical support stimulation of the soles with the special device "Korvit". 12 healthy participants (6 women, 6 men; average age = 28.8 years) were scanned. fMRI protocol for each person consisted of 2 different blocked paradigms: soles stimulation in stance imitation (1) and slow walking imitation (2) modes. The results were analyzed with statistical program SPM5 for each person and then for the whole group. In all our paradigms there was significant (P(correct) < 0.05 for cluster level) activation of primary somatosensory, premotor and dorsolateral cortex, insula. During the stance imitation mode, extensive prefrontal cortex activation was observed; during the slow walking imitation mode there was activation of different primary and secondary sensorimotor cortex areas. 相似文献
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Previously reported maximum-likelihood pairwise relatedness (r) estimator of Thompson and Milligan (M) was extended to allow for negative r estimates under the regression interpretation of r. This was achieved by establishing the equivalency of the likelihoods used in the kinship program and the likelihoods of Thompson. The new maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. It was found that the new ML estimator became unbiased significantly faster compared to the original M estimator when the amount of genotype information was increased. The effects of allele frequency estimation errors on the new and existing relatedness estimators were also considered. 相似文献
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The influence of lateralized and bilateral electrical stimulations of the rat's brain on the course of audiogenic convulsive fit was analyzed. It was found, that after operative application of electrodes to the animal's skull the strength of fit and audiogenic seizure susceptibility decreased in all experimental groups. At the same time the second group, in which the left hemisphere was stimulated, essentially differed from other groups. The occasions of omission of some stages of fit were not so frequent, there, and only in this group after electrostimulation fits increased in the form of arising of new stages. This allows us to propose a special role of the left hemisphere of rats in forming a complete convulsive fit. The described observations resemble those of human asymmetry. 相似文献
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The CAPS (PCR-RFLP) method was used to analyze polymorphism in sequences of unique genes among specimens of 24 pea lines and cultivars. Analysis of each employed molecular-genetic marker was found to reveal three to seven polymorphic sequence variants. Analysis with the use of five selected markers allows the unambiguous identification of any of examined specimens. Thus, the possibility of using CAPS markers for identification and classification of garden pea cultivars has been shown. Possible prospects for this approach and the ways of its further implementation are considered. 相似文献
19.
Ya. N. Shoikhet V. I. Kiselev E. V. Zaitsev I. B. Kolyado B. Yu. Konovalov S. Bauer B. Grosche W. Burkart 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》1999,38(3):207-210
A registry of the rural population in the Altai region exposed to fallout from nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site
(STS) was established more than four decades after the first Soviet nuclear explosion on August 29, 1949. Information about
individuals living in an exposed and a control area was collected using all available local sources, such as kolkhoz documentation, school registries, medical treatment records and interviews with residents. As a result, a database comprising
an exposed group of 39 179 individuals from 53 Altai region villages, 6769 external and 3303 internal controls was compiled.
For several settlements, effective dose estimates reached the level of 1.5 Sv, while the average effective dose estimate in
the exposed group was 340 mSv. Dosimetric data, vital status information and health records gathered at rayon and village
medical facilities are held in the registry. Cause-of-death information for deceased residents is obtained from death registration
forms archived at the Altai region vital statistics office. At present, a follow-up of approximately 40% of the population
exposed in 1949 has been done. More will be added by searching for migrants to the larger towns of the Altai region, i.e.
Barnaul, Rubtsovsk and Biisk. In order to assess the influence of radiation exposure, analytical studies with a case-control
design for stomach and lung cancer are currently being prepared. The number of known cases is sufficient to detect an odds
ratio of 1.5 at the 95% confidence level. Epidemiological studies in populations affected by fallout from STS may be equally
important to the atomic bomb survivors’ study for the direct quantification of radiation effects. The range of exposure rates
experienced will extend the acute high-dose-rate findings from Hiroshima/Nagasaki towards acute and protracted lower exposures,
which are more relevant for radiation protection issues.
Received: 3 March 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 8 June 1999 相似文献
20.