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31.
32.
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. Purification, properties, and inhibition by polychlorinated biphenyl isomers 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.37) which converts uroporphyrinogen I or III into coproporphyrinogen I or III, respectively, was purified about 5,500-fold from chicken erythrocytes. Purification was accomplished by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on Sephadex G-100, and chromatofocusing. The most purified preparation was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had a specific activity of 1,420 units/mg of protein, the highest value so far reported. The molecular weight, as determined by Sephadex G-150 gel chromatography, is 79,000. The subunit molecular weight, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is 39,700, suggesting that uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase is dimeric in form. The purified enzyme had an isoelectric point of 6.2 and a pH optimum of 6.8. The SH reagents inhibited the enzyme activity, but neither metal ions nor cofactor requirements could be demonstrated. A new and simple method for the separation of free uroporphyrin, hepta-, hexa-, and pentacarboxylic porphyrins and coproporphyrin was developed using a high pressure liquid chromatograph equipped with a spectrofluorometric detector. Kinetic studies of the sequential decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen with purified enzyme were performed. 3,4,3',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl and 3,4,5,3',4'5'-hexachlorobiphenyl which specifically induce delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase also strongly inhibit uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase directly at two steps, i.e. first in the formation of hexacarboxylic porphyrinogen III from heptacarboxylic porphyrinogen III and second in the formation of heptacarboxylic porphyrinogen III from uroporphyrinogen III. 相似文献
33.
Nobuyuki Sasakawa Konosuke Kumakura Satoshi Yamamoto Ryuichi Kato 《Life sciences》1983,33(20):2017-2024
Effects of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naph-thalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, on catecholamine (CA) release and 45Ca2+ uptake were studied using cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. W-7 inhibited the carbamylcholine (CCh)-evoked CA release and 45Ca2+ uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of W-7 on CCh-evoked CA release was not overcome either by an increase in extracellular calcium or CCh concentration. Although W-7 inhibited the high K+-evoked CA release and 45Ca2+ uptake, potency of the drug was approximately 50–100 fold less than when inhibiting the CCh-evoked CA release and 45Ca2+ uptake. The inhibitory effects of W-7 were observed both in norepinephrine release and epinephrine release. Moreover, W-7 inhibited the CCh-evoked 45Ca2+ efflux. These results suggest that the inhibition of CA release by W-7 in adrenal chromaffin cells is mainly due to its inhibition of calcium uptake. W-7 may influence the linkage between acetylcholine-receptor and calcium uptake with higher potency than depolarization-dependent calcium entry. 相似文献
34.
The suppressive effect of peritoneal exudate macrophages on production of antibody to sheep erythrocytes in vitro 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of peritoneal exudate macrophages on antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) were investigated in mice. Peritoneal exudate macrophages obtained from mice injected intraperitoneally with proteose peptone or Corynebacterium parvum 4 days earlier had stronger ability to phagocytize and degrade SRBC than normal resident macrophages. These macrophages suppressed antibody formation to SRBC in vitro as well as in vivo. This suppression was overridden by increasing the amount of SRBC and diminished completely by pretreatment of the macrophages with iodoacetate and partly by pretreatment with 2-deoxyglucose, both known to be inhibitors of phagocytosis, but not by addition of indomethacin to the in vitro culture. These results suggest that the suppression of antibody response by peritoneal exudate macrophages was due to the increased activity of these cells as scavenger cells, resulting in a reduced amount of effective antigenic stimulation, and that it was not mediated by a prostaglandin-dependent mechanism. The scavenger function of these macrophages may be due to Ia-negative macrophages. 相似文献
35.
A specific rabbit anti-CRF serum and the immunoperoxidase technique were used to show that CRF-containing neurons are mainly distributed in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. In addition, immunoreactive neurons are scattered in other hypothalamic regions. These neurons are 20--30 micrometers in diameter. From the present and previous investigations it may be concluded that the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, i.e., paraventricular and supraoptic, and other hypothalamic accessory nuclei, are the producing sites not only for vasopressin and oxytocin, but also for corticotropin-releasing factor. 相似文献
36.
37.
Summary The sphincter zone of the rabbit iris sometimes contains terminals with small granular vesicles. These terminals correspond to yellowish-green fluorescent structures in the sphincter zone. The paired arrangement of a terminal containing these vesicles and one full of agranular vesicles might indicate dual innervation of sphincter muscles by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. The sympathetic component probably exerts an inhibitory action on the sphincter muscles.This investigation was supported by a research grant from the Ministry of Education, Japan. 相似文献
38.
39.
Summary The retrograde fluorescence tracer, True Blue (TB), was injected into the forebrain septal area of neonatal rats. After 3 to 6 days the brains of these animals were carefully removed and placed in ice-cold sterilized physiological saline containing 1% glucose. Under the surgical microscope, one or two pairs of mesencephalic tissue samples, each containing a dorsal raphe nucleus, were punched out and transplanted into the third ventricle of a 5,6-DHT-pretreated adult rat. One month after transplantation, all animals were perfused and their brains sectioned using a cryostat. The sections were examined using a fluorescence microscope, and then processed for serotonin immunohistochemistry. The grafts were found to be successfully implanted and connected with the middle portion of the third ventricle. Four types of neurons, i.e., TB-labeled, serotonin-labeled, both TB-and serotonin-labeled, and non-labeled neurons, were detected in the grafts. This double-labeling method is considered to be a useful technique in characterizing the neurons in grafts which consist of a heterogeneous cell population.Supporied by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan 相似文献
40.
Mitsuhiko Sano 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1989,25(1-3):195-203
Synopsis Stomach content data from 32 species of Japanese butterflyfishes of the family Chaetodontidae were used to classify them into
feeding groups and to determine their important food resources. Four major feeding groups were distinguished: (1) obligative
coral feeders which prey exclusively or mostly on Scleractinian corals, (2) facultative coral feeders that take both corals
and other benthic organisms, (3) noncoralline invertebrate feeders which consume benthic invertebrates other than corals,
and (4) zooplankton feeders. Ten species representing 31% of the butterflyfishes belong to the first category. The second
and third categories include 13 (41%) and 8 (25%) species, respectively. The fourth category is represented by only one species
which picks individual zooplankters, especially calanoid copepods, in midwater above the reefs. Facultative coral feeders
consumed varying quantities of scleractinians (from 2 to 74% of food volume), along with a variety of benthic organisms including
algae, alcyonarians, sea anemones, sedentary polychaetes, sponges, hydroids, etc. Noncoralline invertebrate feeders, on the
other hand, tend to have low diversified diets, predominated by one prey item such as sea anemones, zoanthideans, polychaetes,
or colonial ascidians. These dietary data suggest that scleractinian corals are the most important food resource for the Japanese
butterflyfishes, and next important are sea anemones, sedentary polychaetes, alcyonarians, and algae. 相似文献