排序方式: 共有57条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Studies on the binding site of the galactose-specific agglutinin PA-IL from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The binding properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa agglutinin-I (PA-IL) with
glycoproteins (gps) and polysaccharides were studied by both the
biotin/avidin-mediated microtiter plate lectin-binding assay and the
inhibition of agglutinin-glycan interaction with sugar ligands. Among 36
glycans tested for binding, PA-IL reacted best with two glycoproteins
containing Galalpha1-->4Gal determinants and a human blood group ABO
precursor equivalent gp, but this lectin reacted weakly or not at all with
A and H active gps or sialylated gps. Among the mammalian disaccharides
tested by the inhibition assay, the human blood group Pkactive
Galalpha1-->4Gal, was the best. It was 7.4-fold less active than
melibiose (Galalpha1-->6Glc). PA-IL has a preference for the
alpha-anomer in decreasing order as follows: Galalpha1-->6
>Galalpha1-->4 >Galalpha1-->3. Of the monosaccharides studied,
the phenylbeta derivatives of Gal were much better inhibitors than the
methylbeta derivative, while only an insignificant difference was found
between the Galalpha anomer of methyl- and p -NO2-phenyl derivatives. From
these results, it can be concluded that the combining size of the
agglutinin is as large as a disaccharide of the alpha-anomer of Gal at
nonreducing end and most complementary to Galalpha1-->6Glc. As for the
combining site of PA-IL toward the beta-anomer, the size is assumed to be
less than that of Gal; carbon-6 in the pyranose form is essential, and
hydrophobic interaction is important for binding.
相似文献
42.
Effect of self-association on the structural organization of partially folded proteins: inactivated actin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Biophysical journal》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
IM Kuznetsova AG Biktashev SY Khaitlina KS Vassilenko KK Turoverov VN Uversky 《Biophysical journal》1999,77(5):2788-2800
The propensity to associate or aggregate is one of the characteristic properties of many nonnative proteins. The aggregation of proteins is responsible for a number of human diseases and is a significant problem in biotechnology. Despite this, little is currently known about the effect of self-association on the structural properties and conformational stability of partially folded protein molecules. G-actin is shown to form equilibrium unfolding intermediate in the vicinity of 1.5 M guanidinium chloride (GdmCl). Refolding from the GdmCl unfolded state is terminated at the stage of formation of the same intermediate state. An analogous form, known as inactivated actin, can be obtained by heat treatment, or at moderate urea concentration, or by the release of Ca(2+). In all cases actin forms specific associates comprising partially folded protein molecules. The structural properties and conformational stability of inactivated actin were studied over a wide range of protein concentrations, and it was established that the process of self-association is rather specific. We have also shown that inactivated actin, being denatured, is characterized by a relatively rigid microenvironment of aromatic residues and exhibits a considerable limitation in the internal mobility of tryptophans. This means that specific self-association can play an important structure-forming role for the partially folded protein molecules. 相似文献
43.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression by Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells Is Inhibited by Elevated Glucose 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter R. Kollros †Barbara A. Konkle Anne P. Ambarian Paul Henrikson 《Journal of neurochemistry》1994,63(3):903-909
Abstract: Patients with diabetes are predisposed to microvascular disease. In the retina and brain, this is characterized by neovascularization and new capillary formation. Because of the potential importance of plasmin generation in these processes, we evaluated the effect of elevated glucose concentrations on expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase (uPA) in cultured bovine brain endothelial cells (BBEC) versus cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). We observed that BBEC PAI-1 mRNA levels were decreased fivefold in cells cultured in media containing 20 m M glucose compared with BBEC cultured in media with 5.5 m M glucose, whereas expression of PAI-1 mRNA in BAEC, bovine mesenteric endothelial cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells was not modulated under these conditions. Expression of PAI-1 protein was also inhibited by growth of BBEC in elevated glucose, but the effect was less marked than at the mRNA level. Elevated glucose did not decrease expression of PAI-1 protein by BAEC. Withdrawal of acidic fibroblast growth factor enhanced expression of PAI-1 mRNA and protein in BBEC. Expression of tPA mRNA was not affected by the glucose concentration of the medium, and uPA mRNA was not detected in our BBEC cultures. A decrease in the local tissue activity of PAI-1 by elevated glucose concentrations, with no effect on tPA or uPA expression, would lead to an increase in the plasmin activity and thereby predispose neural tissues, such as the cerebrum and retina, of diabetic patients to neovascularization. 相似文献
44.
B A Konkle S Kim M C Iannuzzi R Alani F S Collins D Ginsburg 《Nucleic acids research》1987,15(16):6766
45.
The Saddle-billed Stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis exemplifies a case in conservation research in which a species is assessed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and the resulting consideration of low conservation priority has precluded proper scientific study. As a first step in understanding this stork’s true status, we collated all available data to develop a distribution map and then investigated range-wide patterns of occurrence. The updated map greatly improves on past knowledge of the stork’s distribution and helps to identify regions where range contractions have occurred, particularly in Central Africa and parts of West Africa. We found that the stork’s distribution closely overlaps with protected areas and that there has been an overall increase in surface water (largely manmade water bodies)—a proxy for habitat—across the species’ extent of occurrence in recent decades. While this research represents a valuable contribution to our understanding of the Saddle-billed Stork, it also highlights the need for unbiased empirical data, especially from areas that are poorly surveyed, for developing a science-based conservation status assessment. 相似文献
46.
Purpose
Determination of mitral flow is an important aspect in assessment of cardiac function. Traditionally, mitral flow is measured by Doppler echocardiography which suffers from several challenges, particularly related to the direction and the spatial inhomogeneity of flow. These challenges are especially prominent in rodents. The purpose of this study was to establish a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol for evaluation of three-directional mitral flow in a rodent model of cardiac disease.Materials and Methods
Three-directional mitral flow were evaluated by phase contrast CMR (PC-CMR) in rats with aortic banding (AB) (N = 7) and sham-operated controls (N = 7). Peak mitral flow and deceleration rate from PC-CMR was compared to conventional Doppler echocardiography. The accuracy of PC-CMR was investigated by comparison of spatiotemporally integrated mitral flow with left ventricular stroke volume assessed by cine CMR.Results
PC-CMR portrayed the spatial distribution of mitral flow and flow direction in the atrioventricular plane throughout diastole. Both PC-CMR and echocardiography demonstrated increased peak mitral flow velocity and higher deceleration rate in AB compared to sham. Comparison with cine CMR revealed that PC-CMR measured mitral flow with excellent accuracy. Echocardiography presented significantly lower values of flow compared to PC-CMR.Conclusions
For the first time, we show that PC-CMR offers accurate evaluation of three-directional mitral blood flow in rodents. The method successfully detects alterations in the mitral flow pattern in response to cardiac disease and provides novel insight into the characteristics of mitral flow. 相似文献47.
We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the two nonallelic
adult beta-globin genes of the C57BL/10 mouse. These genes, designated beta
s and beta t, show a sequence similarity of 99.6% over the region bordered
by the translational start and stop codons. Both beta s and beta t encode
functional polypeptide chains that are identical. A comparison of the
C57BL/10 beta-globin haplotype, Hbbs, with that of the BALB/c mouse, Hbbd,
suggests that the two haplotypes have distinct evolutionary histories. The
two adult beta-globin genes of the Hbbd haplotype, beta dmaj and beta dmin,
are 16% divergent at the nucleotide level and encode distinct polypeptides
that are synthesized in differing amounts. Our analysis indicates that a
gene correction mechanism has been operating on the Hbbs chromosome to keep
beta s and beta t evolving in concert, whereas on the Hbbd chromosome, beta
dmin has diverged considerably from beta dmaj. We suggest that gene
conversion is responsible for the maintained similarity of the Hbbs genes.
Furthermore, we attribute the divergence of the Hbbd genes in part to the
absence of a region of simple-sequence DNA within the large intervening
sequence of beta dmin. We propose that this region of DNA plays a role in
facilitating gene conversion. The deletion of this area in beta dmin
introduced a block of nonhomology between the beta dmaj-beta dmin gene pair
and thus may have inhibited further gene correction within the Hbbd
haplotype.
相似文献
48.
Repeated epilation (Er) is a radiation-induced, autosomal, incomplete dominant mutation in mice which is expressed in heterozygotes but is lethal in the homozygous condition. Many effects of the mutation occur in skin: the epidermis in Er/Er mice is adhesive (oral and nasal orifices fuse, limbs adhere to the body wall), hyperplastic, and fails to undergo terminal differentiation. Skin from fetal +/+, Er/+ and Er/Er mice at ages pre- and postkeratinization examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy showed marked abnormalities in tissue architecture, differentiation, and cell structure; light and dark basal epidermal cells were separated by wide intercellular spaces, joined by few desmosomes, and contained phagolysomes. The numbers of spinous, granular, and superficial layers were highly variable within any given region and among various regions of the body. In some areas, 2-8 layers of granular cells, containing large or diminutive keratohyalin granules, extended to the epidermal surface; in others, the granular layers were covered by several layers of partially keratinized or nonkeratinized cells. In rare instances, a single or small group of cornified cells was present among the granular layers but was not associated with the epidermal surface. Both the granular and nonkeratinized/partially keratinized upper epidermal layers Er/Er skin gave positive immunofluorescence with antiserum to the histidine-rich, basic protein, filaggrin. Proteins in epidermal extracts from +/+, Er/+ and Er/Er mice were separated and identified by radio- and immunolabeling techniques. The Er/Er extract was missing a 26.5- kdalton protein and had an altered ratio of bands in the keratin region. The 26.5-kdalton band was histidine-rich and cross-reacted with the antiserum to rat filaggrin. Several high molecular weight bands present in both Er/Er and +/+ extracts also reacted with the antiserum. These are presumed to be the precursors of filaggrin and to account for the immunofluorescence om Er/Er epidermis even though the product protein is absent. The morphologic and biochemical data indicated that the genetic defect has a general and profound influence on epidermal differentiation, including alteration of two proteins (filaggrin and keratin) important in normal terminal differentiation, tissue architecture, and cytology. Identification of epidermal abnormalities at early stages of development (prekeratinization) and defective structure of other tissues and gross anatomy suggest that the mutation is responsible for a defect in same regulatory step important in many processes of differentiation and development. 相似文献
49.
B A Konkle S S Shapiro A S Asch R L Nachman 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1990,265(32):19833-19838
Platelet glycoprotein Ib is a major platelet membrane protein composed of two disulfide-linked chains, termed the alpha and beta chains. The larger alpha chain (GpIb alpha), a platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor, plays a major role in mediating platelet adhesion to the subendothelium. Our laboratories have previously reported synthesis of a protein in human endothelial cells that is immunoprecipitated with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to platelet GpIb alpha. Lopez et al. (Lopez, J. A., Chung, D. W., Fujikawa, K., Hagan, F. S., Papayannopoulou, T., and Roth, G. J. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 5615-5619) have reported the cloning of GpIb alpha from a human erythroleukemia (HEL) cell cDNA library. Using this clone as probe, we have isolated two partial GpIb alpha clones from a human umbilical vein endothelial cell lambda gt11 cDNA library. These clones were localized within HEL-derived GpIb alpha cDNA by sequence and restriction enzyme analysis. Additionally, they detected the same message species in HEL and tonsilar RNA that was detected with the HEL GpIb alpha cDNA. Low level GpIb alpha mRNA expression was detected in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which was increased by treatment of the cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This effect was enhanced by pretreatment with interferon-gamma. Additionally, localization of GpIb alpha in endothelium of fresh tonsilar tissue was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. GpIb alpha may play a role in mediating platelet or other effector cell adhesion to activated endothelium. 相似文献
50.