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21.
分析克拉玛依市麻疹流行状况及预防控制措施,为消除麻疹提供依据。采用描述流行病学分析方法,对2008年克拉玛依市麻疹资料进行分析。结果显示,克拉玛依市2008年麻疹发病率为38.83/10万(138/355381),呈高度散发,较2007年有所上升。发病高峰在3~5月,发病数占全年的83.33%。年龄分布大年龄组高于小年龄组,>20岁年龄组病例占50.00%,<1岁病例占18.84%;流动人口发病占51.11%。应切实提高麻疹常规免疫接种率和做好入托、入学儿童查验预防接种证工作,加强麻疹监测,提高实验室确诊病例的比例。 相似文献
22.
The catalytic domains of murine Golgi alpha1,2-mannosidases IA and IB that
are involved in N-glycan processing were expressed as secreted proteins in
P.pastoris . Recombinant mannosidases IA and IB both required divalent
cations for activity, were inhibited by deoxymannojirimycin and
kifunensine, and exhibited similar catalytic constants using
Manalpha1,2Manalpha-O-CH3as substrate. Mannosidase IA was purified as a 50
kDa catalytically active soluble fragment and shown to be an inverting
glycosidase. Recombinant mannosidases IA and IB were used to cleave
Man9GlcNAc and the isomers produced were identified by high performance
liquid chromatography and proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Man9GlcNAc was rapidly cleaved by both enzymes to Man6GlcNAc, followed by a
much slower conversion to Man5GlcNAc. The same isomers of Man7GlcNAc and
Man6GlcNAc were produced by both enzymes but different isomers of
Man8GlcNAc were formed. When Man8GlcNAc (Man8B isomer) was used as
substrate, rapid conversion to Man5GlcNAc was observed, and the same
oligosaccharide isomer intermediates were formed by both enzymes. These
results combined with proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data
demonstrate that it is the terminal alpha1, 2-mannose residue missing in
the Man8B isomer that is cleaved from Man9GlcNAc at a much slower rate.
When rat liver endoplasmic reticulum membrane extracts were incubated with
Man9GlcNAc2, Man8GlcNAc2was the major product and Man8B was the major
isomer. In contrast, rat liver Golgi membranes rapidly cleaved
Man9GlcNAc2to Man6GlcNAc2and more slowly to Man5GlcNAc2. In this case all
three isomers of Man8GlcNAc2were formed as intermediates, but a distinctive
isomer, Man8A, was predominant. Antiserum to recombinant mannosidase IA
immunoprecipitated an enzyme from Golgi extracts with the same specificity
as recombinant mannosidase IA. These immunodepleted membranes were enriched
in a Man9GlcNAc2to Man8GlcNAc2- cleaving activity forming predominantly the
Man8B isomer. These results suggest that mannosidases IA and IB in Golgi
membranes prefer the Man8B isomer generated by a complementary mannosidase
that removes a single mannose from Man9GlcNAc2.
相似文献
23.
D Lederoun P Vandewalle AA Brahim J Moreau PA Lalèyè 《African Journal of Aquatic Science》2016,41(2):151-160
Growth, mortality, recruitment and relative yield per recruit of Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus from Lakes Doukon and Togbadji were studied. Data on total length, total weight and sex were recorded on a monthly basis between January and December 2013 for S. g. galilaeus captured by local fishers. The estimated asymptotic lengths L∞ were 26.2 and 23.6?cm for Lakes Doukon and Togbadji, respectively, while the growth rate K was 0.73 in Lake Doukon and 0.87 in Lake Togbadji. Estimates of fishing mortality, 0.27 and 0.47 y?1 for Doukon and Togbadji, respectively, were low relative to natural mortality, 1.51 and 1.74 y?1, respectively. Sizes at first sexual maturity were 12.8 and 13.2?cm for females and males, respectively, in Lake Doukon, and 11.5 and 12.4?cm for females and males, respectively, in Lake Togbadji. The size at first capture was estimated at 13.3 and 12.7?cm for Lakes Doukon and Togbadji, respectively, which, in the light of the size at maturity estimates, indicates that fish spawn at least once before capture. The current exploitation rates of 0.15 for Lake Doukon and 0.21 for Lake Togbadji suggest that their stocks of S. g. galilaeus are not overexploited in either lake. 相似文献
24.
RC Pritchett AM Al-Nawaiseh KK Pritchett V Nethery PA Bishop JM Green 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2015,32(3):249-254
Sweat production is crucial for thermoregulation. However, sweating can be problematic for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI), as they display a blunting of sudomotor and vasomotor responses below the level of the injury. Sweat gland density and eccrine gland metabolism in SCI are not well understood. Consequently, this study examined sweat lactate (S-LA) (reflective of sweat gland metabolism), active sweat gland density (SGD), and sweat output per gland (S/G) in 7 SCI athletes and 8 able-bodied (AB) controls matched for arm ergometry VO2peak. A sweat collection device was positioned on the upper scapular and medial calf of each subject just prior to the beginning of the trial, with iodine sweat gland density patches positioned on the upper scapular and medial calf. Participants were tested on a ramp protocol (7 min per stage, 20 W increase per stage) in a common exercise environment (21±1°C, 45-65% relative humidity). An independent t-test revealed lower (p<0.05) SGD (upper scapular) for SCI (22.3 ±14.8 glands · cm−2) vs. AB. (41.0 ± 8.1 glands · cm−2). However, there was no significant difference for S/G between groups. S-LA was significantly greater (p<0.05) during the second exercise stage for SCI (11.5±10.9 mmol · l−1) vs. AB (26.8±11.07 mmol · l−1). These findings suggest that SCI athletes had less active sweat glands compared to the AB group, but the sweat response was similar (SLA, S/G) between AB and SCI athletes. The results suggest similar interglandular metabolic activity irrespective of overall sweat rate. 相似文献
25.
Lotte M Kruidenier Saskia PA Nicolaï Edith M Willigendael Rob A de Bie Martin H Prins Joep AW Teijink 《BMC cardiovascular disorders》2009,9(1):1-7
Background
Pharmacological inhibition of endothelial arginase-II has been shown to improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function and reduce atherogenesis in animal models. We investigated whether the endothelial arginase II is involved in inflammatory responses in endothelial cells.Methods
Human endothelial cells were isolated from umbilical veins and stimulated with TNFα (10 ng/ml) for 4 hours. Endothelial expression of the inflammatory molecules i.e. vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin were assessed by immunoblotting.Results
The induction of the expression of endothelial VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin by TNFα was concentration-dependently reduced by incubation of the endothelial cells with the arginase inhibitor L-norvaline. However, inhibition of arginase by another arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC) had no effects. To confirm the role of arginase-II (the prominent isoform expressed in HUVECs) in the inflammatory responses, adenoviral mediated siRNA silencing of arginase-II knocked down the arginase II protein level, but did not inhibit the up-regulation of the adhesion molecules. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of L-norvaline was not reversed by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME and L-norvaline did not interfere with TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB, JNK, p38mapk, while it inhibited p70s6k (S6K1) activity. Silencing S6K1 prevented up-regulation of E-selectin, but not that of VCAM-1 or ICAM-1 induced by TNFα.Conclusion
The arginase inhibitor L-norvaline exhibits anti-inflammatory effects independently of inhibition of arginase in human endothelial cells. The anti-inflammatory properties of L-norvaline are partially attributable to its ability to inhibit S6K1. 相似文献26.
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28.
Aneesh P Panoli Maruthachalam Ravi Jose Sebastian Bindu Nishal Thamalampudi V Reddy Mohan PA Marimuthu Veeraputhiran Subbiah Virupapuram Vijaybhaskar Imran Siddiqi 《BMC molecular biology》2006,7(1):24-12
Background
Pairing of homologous chromosomes at meiosis is an important requirement for recombination and balanced chromosome segregation among the products of meiotic division. Recombination is initiated by double strand breaks (DSBs) made by Spo11 followed by interaction of DSB sites with a homologous chromosome. This interaction requires the strand exchange proteins Rad51 and Dmc1 that bind to single stranded regions created by resection of ends at the site of DSBs and promote interactions with uncut DNA on the homologous partner. Recombination is also considered to be dependent on factors that stabilize interactions between homologous chromosomes. In budding yeast Hop2 and Mnd1 act as a complex to promote homologous pairing and recombination in conjunction with Rad51 and Dmc1. 相似文献29.
Overbeek MJ Boonstra A Voskuyl AE Vonk MC Vonk-Noordegraaf A van Berkel MP Mooi WJ Dijkmans BA Hondema LS Smit EF Grünberg K 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(2):R61-13
Introduction
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) carries a poor prognosis, despite pulmonary vascular dilating therapy. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are potential therapeutic targets for PAH because of their proliferative effects on vessel remodelling. To explore their role in SScPAH, we compared PDGFR- and EGFR-mmunoreactivity in lung tissue specimens from SScPAH. We compared staining patterns with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD), as SScPAH vasculopathy differs from IPAH and sometimes displays features of PVOD. Immunoreactivity patterns of phosphorylated PDGFR-β (pPDGFR-β) and the ligand PDGF-B were evaluated to provide more insight into the patterns of PDGFR-b activation.Methods
Lung tissue specimens from five SScPAH, nine IPAH, six PVOD patients and five controls were examined. Immunoreactivity was scored for presence, distribution and intensity.Results
All SScPAH and three of nine IPAH cases (P = 0.03) showed PDGFR-β-immunoreactivity in small vessels (arterioles/venules); of five SScPAH vs. two of nine IPAH cases (P = 0.02) showed venous immunoreactivity. In small vessels, intensity was stronger in SScPAH vs. IPAH. No differences were found between SScPAH and PVOD. One of five normal controls demonstrated focally mild immunoreactivity. There were no differences in PDGF-ligand and pPDGFR-b-immunoreactivity between patient groups; however, pPDGFR-b-immunoreactivity tended to be more prevalent in SScPAH small vasculature compared to IPAH. Vascular EGFR-immunoreactivity was limited to arterial and arteriolar walls, without differences between groups. No immunoreactivity was observed in vasculature of normals.Conclusions
PDGFR-β-immunoreactivity in SScPAH is more common and intense in small- and post-capillary vessels than in IPAH and does not differ from PVOD, fitting in with histomorphological distribution of vasculopathy. PDGFR-β immunoreactivity pattern is not paralleled by pPDGFR-β or PDGF-B patterns. PDGFR-β- and EGFR-immunoreactivity of pulmonary vessels distinguishes PAH patients from controls. 相似文献30.
Reference concentrations of cholecalciferol in animals: a basis for establishing non-target exposure
AAC Fairweather CT Eason PA Elder CMF Eason D Arthur 《New Zealand journal of zoology.》2013,40(4):280-289
AbstractCholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is widely used as a vertebrate pesticide in New Zealand. However, cholecalciferol also occurs naturally in animals. Therefore, when trying to determine whether a non-target animal has been exposed to cholecalciferol baits, knowledge of the baseline cholecalciferol concentrations in the animal's plasma and tissue is required. We analysed cattle, sheep, pig, deer, dog and cat plasma and liver samples for the vitamin D3 metabolite 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD), a sensitive biomarker for cholecalciferol. Based on these data and a literature search we present 25-OHD reference ranges. We also examined the literature for 25-OHD concentrations in poisoned animals and compared these to the reference ranges. Where plasma and liver samples have 25-OHD concentrations at least four times higher than our reference ranges it is likely that the animal has been exposed to cholecalciferol baits. 25-OHD concentrations 10 times higher than the reference range indicate ingestion of abnormally high amounts of cholecalciferol. 相似文献