RAPD-analysis of corn somaclones

The genetic difference between maize line A188 and A188-derived somaclones was assessed via analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In total, 15 out of 17 decanucleotide primers used each allowed amplification of 2-17 fragments ranging 200-2000 bp. The RAPD patterns did not differ between individual plants of line A188, which demonstrated again its high genetic homogeneity. The difference between the initial line and the somaclones was high, ranging 64-74%. On evidence of the genetic divergence, the somaclones formed two clusters. The distribution of somaclones between these clusters was consistent with their origin.     

Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Montium-species subgroup of Drosophila

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction-site maps for six species (10 strains) of the Drosophila montium subgroup were established. A total of 50 restriction sites were mapped, corresponding to 1.67% of the mtDNA genome. On the basis of differences in the restriction sites, nucleotide divergence (delta) was calculated for each pair of species (strains), and phylogenetic trees were constructed by using distance- matrix and parsimony methods. Comparison of the resultant phylogenetic trees shows that the sibling species D. auraria and D. quadraria are closely related. At the other extreme, considerable divergence was observed between the two strains of D. serrata and between D. serrata and D. birchii, a finding that contrasts with their grouping within the same species complex. Nevertheless, our data indicate that these six oriental montium species are rather closely related.      

The study of the genetic effects in generation of pea plants cultivated during the whole cycle of ontogenesis on the board of RS ISS

Results of studies on growth and development of offspring of two genetically marked dwarf pea lines planted during the whole ontogenesis cycle in the Lada space greenhouse on board of Russian Segment of International Space Station (RS ISS) are presented. The offspring of M1 and M2 plants grown from seeds formed during space flight was examined under conditions of Earth-based cultivation. It had been shown that growth and developmental characteristics, frequency of chromosome aberrations in primary root meristem and level of molecular polymorphism revealed in individual plants via RAPD method show no significant differences between offspring of “space-grown” and control seeds.     

Analysis of PDR1 retrotransposon insertions in the pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

We research polymorphism of PDR1 insertion grades, lines, and mutants of peas by means of seven pairs of specific RBIP-primers. Seven PDR1 insertions loci are identified in the studied forms of peas. We establish the high level of polymorphism of PDR1 retrotransposon inserts with primers RBIP2, RBIP1794, and RBIP64, that has made 92, 82.98 and 78%, respectively. The genetic analysis in a population of F2 hybrids (Chil 15 × WL1238) is conducted. RBIP700 polymorphic fragment is localized on a genetic map of peas in the third group of coupling.     

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) polymorphism among Moscow citizens

Recent studies showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can participate in pathogenesis of various CNS disorders, being connected with proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neurons. In present study, analysis of occurrence rate was performed for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in BDNF gene (rs6267 (A/G) allele A—0.265; rs2049046 (A/T) allele A—0.407; rs11030107 (A/G) allele A—0.872) in randomized selection of Moscow citizens. Linkage disequilibrium of rs6165 and rs2049046 loci was shown. Differences in allele frequencies in studied selection and populations of other regions were discovered.     

The study of the genetic effects in generation of pea plants cultivated during the whole cycle of ontogenesis on the board of RS ISS

Results of studies on growth and development of offspring of two genetically marked dwarf pea lines planted during the whole ontogenesis cycle in the Lada space greenhouse on board of Russian Segment of International Space Station (RS ISS) are presented. The offspring of M1 and M2 plants grown from seeds formed during space flight was examined under conditions of Earth-based. Cultivation. It had been shown that growth and developmental characteristics, frequency of chromosome aberrations in primary root meristem and level of molecular polymorphism revealed in individual plants via RAPD method show no significant differences between offspring of "space-grown" and control seeds.     

Ensiling whole-crop wheat and corn in large containers with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri

The effect of applying Lactobacillus buchneri, alone or in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum, at ensiling, on the aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages was studied in 50-l plastic containers. Treatments comprised control (no additives), L. plantarum, L. buchneri and a combination of L. plantarum+L. buchneri. After 3 months of storage, the wheat silages treated with L. buchneri had higher acetic acid contents than the control or L. plantarum-treated silages, and were free of mold, whereas the top layers of the control or L. plantarum-treated silages were moldy. In an aerobic stability test the L. buchneri-treated silages were stable, whereas those treated with L. plantarum deteriorated. In the corn silages the effects of L. buchneri were not as clear and the top layer was moldy in all silages. However, L. buchneri also improved the aerobic stability of the corn silage, as indicated by lower yeast numbers, less CO₂ production and stable pH. It is concluded that L. buchneri has a potential as a silage additive that protects the silage upon aerobic exposure. The 50-l plastic containers can serve as an appropriate model to test silage additives before conducting full-scale farm experiments. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 7–11 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000207 Received 17 April 2001/ Accepted in revised form 25 August 2001     

Creation of a SCAR Marker in Pea Pisum sativumL. Using RAPD Analysis

A polymorphic 750-bp fragment, RAPD marker, specific to particular pea genotypes (line L-111 and the Nord cultivar) was identified. Using this RAPD marker, SCAR was obtained. SCAR inheritance in the first and second generations was studied and its dominant character was shown.     

RAPD Analysis of Maize Somaclones

The genetic difference between maize line A188 and A188-derived somaclones was assessed via analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In total, 17 decanucleotide primers used each allowed amplification of 2–17 fragments ranging 200–2000 bp. The RAPD patterns did not differ between individual plants of line A188, which demonstrated again its high genetic homogeneity. The difference between the initial line and the somaclones was high, ranging 64–74%. On evidence of the genetic divergence, the somaclones formed two clusters. The distribution of somaclones between these clusters was consistent with their origin.