全文获取类型
收费全文 | 986篇 |
免费 | 49篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 22篇 |
2017年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 34篇 |
2014年 | 52篇 |
2013年 | 68篇 |
2012年 | 82篇 |
2011年 | 64篇 |
2010年 | 48篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 81篇 |
2007年 | 54篇 |
2006年 | 46篇 |
2005年 | 45篇 |
2004年 | 53篇 |
2003年 | 43篇 |
2002年 | 41篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1036条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Kazuki Kubo Hajime Monzen Kohei Shimomura Kenji Matsumoto Tomoharu Sato Mikoto Tamura Kiyoshi Nakamatsu Kentaro Ishii Ryu Kawamorita 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2019,24(6):600-605
AimTo evaluate the success of a patient-specific intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) quality assurance (QA) practice for prostate cancer patients across multiple institutions using a questionnaire survey.BackgroundThe IMRT QA practice involves different methods of dose distribution verification and analysis at different institutions.Materials and MethodsTwo full-arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan and 7 fixed-gantry IMRT plan with DMLC were used for patient specific QA across 22 institutions. The same computed tomography image and structure set were used for all plans. Each institution recalculated the dose distribution with fixed monitor units and without any modification. Single-point dose measurement with a cylindrical ionization chamber and dose distribution verification with a multi-detector or radiochromic film were performed, according to the QA process at each institution.ResultsTwenty-two institutions performed the patient-specific IMRT QA verifications. With a single-point dose measurement at the isocenter, the average difference between the calculated and measured doses was 0.5 ± 1.9%. For the comparison of dose distributions, 18 institutions used a two or three-dimensional array detector, while the others used Gafchromic film. In the γ test with dose difference/distance-to-agreement criteria of 3%?3 mm and 2%?2 mm with a 30% dose threshold, the median gamma pass rates were 99.3% (range: 41.7%–100.0%) and 96.4% (range: 29.4%–100.0%), respectively.ConclusionThis survey was an informative trial to understand the verification status of patient-specific IMRT QA measurements for prostate cancer. In most institutions, the point dose measurement and dose distribution differences met the desired criteria. 相似文献
42.
43.
Kumi Morikawa Kazuomi Nakamura Yoshiko Suyama Kenshiro Yamamoto Kohei Fukuoka Shunjiro Yagi Yasuaki Shirayoshi Tetsuya Ohbayashi Ichiro Hisatome 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2019
In the present study, we have established a novel transgenic mouse and transgenic rats with dual reporters of EGFP and ELuc. In these transgenic (Tg) rodents, both GFP fluorescent and luciferase luminescent signals were ubiquitously detected in the heart, liver, kidney and testis, while only the GFP signal was detected in the brain. This expression system is based on a P2A linked EGFP/ELuc protein allowing both signals to be generated simultaneously. Microscopy experiments, FCM, and luciferase assays showed strong expression in freshly isolated ADSCs from Tg rodents upon transplantation of Tg rat-derived ADSCs into wild-type-mice. The ELuc transgene signal was observed and traced in vivo, and EGFP positive cells could be recovered from ELuc positive tissues in engraftment sites of wild-type mice for multiple analysis. These dual reporter Tg rodents are a useful reconstituted model system of regenerative medicine and are a valuable tool to study stem cells. 相似文献
44.
45.
Ichikawa H No H Takei S Takashimizu I Yue F Cui L Ogiwara N Johkura K Nishimoto Y Sasaki K 《Cryobiology》2007,54(3):290-293
Cryopreservation of embryonic stem (ES) cells is essential to establish them as a resource for regenerative therapy. We evaluated survival adhesion rate, cell structure, gene expression, and multipotency of frozen and thawed embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from mouse ES cells. EBs were cryopreserved using the BICELL and the Program Freezer. After one week the EBs were thawed and cultured. EBs prepared in the Program Freezer had the highest survival adhesion (Program Freezer; 55-69%, BICELL; 30-38%). Though many cells in the thawed EBs were damaged, some were not, especially those prepared in the Program Freezer. RT-PCR analysis showed that genes characteristic of the three embryonic germ layers were expressed in thawed EBs cultured for one week. EBs transplanted into mice formed teratomas consisting of cells derived from the three germ layers. In conclusion, EBs frozen in the Program Freezer had higher survival adhesion rates compared to the BICELL and formed differentiated cells characteristic of the three embryonic germ layers. 相似文献
46.
47.
Omata W Shibata H Nagasawa M Kojima I Kikuchi H Oshima Y Hosaka K Kubohara Y 《The FEBS journal》2007,274(13):3392-3404
The differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) is a signal molecule that induces stalk cell formation in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, while DIF-1 and its analogs have been shown to possess antiproliferative activity in vitro in mammalian tumor cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DIF-1 and its analogs on normal (nontransformed) mammalian cells. Without affecting the cell morphology and cell number, DIF-1 at micromolar levels dose-dependently promoted the glucose uptake in confluent 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, which was not inhibited with wortmannin or LY294002 (inhibitors for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). DIF-1 affected neither the expression level of glucose transporter 1 nor the activities of four key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, such as hexokinase, fluctose 6-phosphate kinase, pyruvate kinase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Most importantly, stimulation with DIF-1 was found to induce the translocation of glucose transporter 1 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membranes in the cells. In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, DIF-1 induced the translocation of glucose trasporter 1 (but not of glucose transporter 4) and promoted glucose uptake, which was not inhibited with wortmannin. These results indicate that DIF-1 induces glucose transporter 1 translocation and thereby promotes glucose uptake, at least in part, via a inhibitors for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-independent pathway in mammalian cells. Furthermore, analogs of DIF-1 that possess stronger antitumor activity than DIF-1 were less effective in promoting glucose consumption, suggesting that the mechanism of the action of DIF-1 for stimulating glucose uptake should be different from that for suppressing tumor cell growth. 相似文献
48.
Yoshimasa Takafuji Kohei Tatsumi Masayoshi Ishida Naoyuki Kawao Kiyotaka Okada Osamu Matsuo Hiroshi Kaji 《Journal of cellular physiology》2019,234(6):9687-9697
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is known as an inhibitor of fibrinolytic system. Previous studies suggest that PAI-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy, diabetes, and glucocorticoid excess in mice. However, the roles of PAI-1 in early-stage osteogenic differentiation have remained unknown. In the current study, we investigated the roles of PAI-1 in osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using wild-type (WT) and PAI-1-deficient (PAI-1 KO) mice. PAI-1 mRNA levels were increased with time during osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs or mesenchymal ST-2 cells. However, the increased PAI-1 levels declined at the mineralization phase in the experiment using MC3T3-E1 cells. PAI-1 deficiency significantly blunted the expression of osteogenic gene, such as osterix and alkaline phosphatase enhanced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs), and bone marrow stromal cells of mice. Moreover, a reduction in endogenous PAI-1 levels by small interfering RNA significantly suppressed the expression of osteogenic gene in ST-2 cells. Plasmin did not affect osteoblastic differentiation of AD-MSCs induced by BMP-2 with or without PAI-1 deficiency. PAI-1 deficiency and a reduction in endogenous PAI-1 levels did not affect the phosphorylations of receptor-specific Smads by BMP-2 and transforming growth factor-β in AD-MSCs and ST-2 cells, respectively. In conclusion, we first showed that PAI-1 is crucial for the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts in mice. 相似文献
49.
Chromosoma - The high-order structure of metaphase chromosomes remains still under investigation, especially the 30-nm structure that is still controversial. Advanced 3D imaging has provided useful... 相似文献
50.
Ogura-Tsujita Yuki Yamamoto Kohei Hirayama Yumiko Ebihara Atsushi Morita Nana Imaichi Ryoko 《Journal of plant research》2019,132(5):581-588
Journal of Plant Research - Mycorrhizal symbiosis between plants and fungi is ubiquitous, and has been played key roles in plant terrestrialization and diversification. Although arbuscular... 相似文献