CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE OF HUMAN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Abstract— Cyclic 3',5'-AMP (cAMP) and cyclic 3',5'–GMP (cGMP) phosphodiesterase activities were found in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using low substrate concentration (0.4μM). More rapid hydrolysis of cGMP than that of cAMP was observed in human CSF. However, cGMP hydrolytic activity of CSF was very much lower (0.3 pmol/min/ml CSF) than that of human cerebral cortex (33.7 nmol/min/g wet cortex). The pH optimum was found to be 8.0 (cGMP phosphodiesterase) and 7.5 (cAMP phosphodiesterase). The maximum stimulation of both cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase was achieved at 4 mM-MgCl₂. Cyclic AMP had relatively little effect on the hydrolysis of cGMP in CSF and the cortex, while cGMP inhibited hydrolysis of cAMP in both tissues. Snake venom was found to stimulate cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity of CSF, by 60% and 110% respectively. This stimulation by snake venom was also observed in the cortex phosphodiesterase, but was not observed in human plasma or thyroid phosphodiesterase. When CSF was applied to Sepharose 6B column, cGMP phosphodiesterase was separated into three different molecular forms. A plot of activity against substrate concentration using peak I (largest molecular size) revealed a high affinity ( K _m= 2.6μM) and a low affinity ( K _m= 100μM) for cAMP suggesting the existence of at least two molecular forms of the enzyme. On the other hand, using a cGMP as substrate the only one K _m value (1.90 μm) was obtained. These K _m values of CSF enzymes described above were close to those obtained from human cerebral cortex preparations. The enzyme under peak I corresponded to the cortex enzyme when judged from its molecular size and stimulation by snake venom. It seems likely from our results that at least a part of CSF phosphodiesterase originates from the central nervous system.     

A dynamic model of the receptive field of L-cells in the carp retina

A dynamic model of the receptive field of L2-cells in the carp retina is developed by using our experimental results on the basis of physiological and morphological evidences. Linear spatial summation is assumed in the model for the interactions among L2-cells. Linear forward and feedback loops are also assumed for the interactions between L2-cells and cones. The model has dynamic properties similar to the ones of the receptive field of L2-cells: L2-cells respond faster as the size of a light spot is enlarged and the L2-cells nearer to the center of the light spot respond faster. It is suggested that the faster responding properties of L2-cells are due to the feedback action.     

蛋白质结构中卷曲螺旋的研究进展

卷曲螺旋 (coiledcoil)是存在于多种天然蛋白质中的结构模式 .近年来 ,通过对天然蛋白质中卷曲螺旋结构以及根据已有知识设计合成的卷曲螺旋结构的研究 ,已基本掌握了这类结构模式的特点 ,并将特异的卷曲螺旋结构应用于生化分析、工业、医药卫生等领域 .本文主要从天然蛋白质中卷曲螺旋的主要存在形式及其生物学功能、卷曲螺旋的主要结构特点、影响卷曲螺旋稳定性和结构特异性的因素、卷曲螺旋结构设计及其应用以及今后卷曲螺旋研究的主要发展方向等几个方面对近年来卷曲螺旋结构的研究进展情况进行了综述 .     

聚乙烯醇生物降解研究进展

聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种在纺织和化工行业中广泛使用的难降解的高分子聚合物。随着人们对纺织工业清洁生产的关注,如何在退浆工艺中就实现对PVA的生物降解、减少PVA废水的排放,并避免化学退浆过程中高温和氧化造成的棉纤维损伤,是近年来纺织生物技术领域的研究热点。由于PVA降解菌种类不多、培养周期长,PVA降解酶酶活不高、提取不容易等原因,使PVA的生化降解研究还局限在PVA降解菌的筛选、PVA降解酶的酶学性质研究等方面,PVA降解酶还未在纺织工业上得到应用。本文综述了近年来国内外在PVA降解菌筛选、PVA降解酶提取及酶学性质、PVA生化降解机理等方面的研究进展,并讨论了PVA生化降解研究中存在的问题及发展方向。     

A novel cytokine-inducible gene CIS encodes an SH2-containing protein that binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated interleukin 3 and erythropoietin receptors.

Cytokines manifest their function through alteration of gene expression. However, target genes for signals from cytokine receptors are largely unknown. We therefore searched for immediate-early cytokine-responsive genes and isolated a novel gene, CIS (cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein) which is induced in hematopoietic cells by a subset of cytokines including interleukin 2 (IL2), IL3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO), but not by stem cell factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and IL6. The CIS message encodes a polypeptide of 257 amino acids that contains an SH2 domain of 96 amino acids in the middle. To clarify the function of CIS in cytokine signal transduction, we expressed CIS in IL3-dependent hematopoietic cell lines under the control of a steroid-inducible promoter. The CIS product stably associated with the tyrosine-phosphorylated beta chain of the IL3 receptor as well as the tyrosine-phosphorylated EPO receptor. Forced expression of CIS by steroid reduced the growth rate of these transformants, suggesting a negative role of CIS in signal transduction. CIS induction requires the membrane-proximal region of the cytoplasmic domain of the EPO receptor as well as that of the common beta chain of the IL3, IL5 and GM-CSF receptor, whereas CIS binds to the receptor that is tyrosine phosphorylated by cytokine stimulation. Thus CIS appears to be a unique regulatory molecule for cytokine signal transduction.     

五株鸽副粘病毒国内分离株F基因片段的克隆与分子特性

鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒病(鸽瘟)是由鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒(Pigeon paramyxivirus-Ⅰ,PPMV-Ⅰ)引起的一种高度接触性传染病,是危害养鸽业的主要疫病之一.     

白纹伊蚊细胞色素P450 CYP6家族基因多样性的研究(英文)

根据已获得的白纹伊蚊CYP6家族某成员cDNA序列片段AEDR ,设计基因特异性引物 ,以白纹伊蚊总RNA为模板 ,进行cDNA末端快速扩增 ,扩增产物经T -A克隆、测序。结果显示 :通过 5’ RACE获得 1个非全长cDNA序列 (GZS331 ) ,其与CYP6N1、CYP6N2的同源性分别为 59 8%和 59 1 % ,与CYP6N3v1 -v3同源性最高 ,达 83 9% - 84 3% ;通过 3’ RACE获得 6个非全长cDNA序列 ,其中来自抗性株的GZG0 33序列与CYP6N3v1 -v3的同源性达 98 2 % - 99 1 % ,而其余 3’ RACE克隆与CYP6N3v1 -v3的同源性则达 84 3% - 85 6%。上述所有非全长cDNA序列均与哺乳动物CYP3A1以及夜蛾CYP9A1有较高的同源性 ,分别为 2 3% - 36 1 %和 2 7 6% - 34 1 %。用PC/GENE软件所绘制的系统树显示出与同源性分析相一致的结果。所得非全长cDNA序列上报国际P450命名委员会进行统一的命名 ,并对蚊虫中细胞色素P450基因多样性及其形成原因进行了分析     

PcG蛋白在干细胞调控中的作用

PcG (polycomb group)蛋白作为一种表观遗传修饰系统,在动物和植物中具有 保守性.从功能上讲,PcG蛋白可以分为PRC1（polycomb repressive complex 1）和 PRC2（polycomb repressive complex 2）两个核心蛋白复合体. PRC2含有组蛋白甲 基化酶的活性,而PRC1在泛素连接酶E3介导的组蛋白泛素化中发挥作用,二者通过对 组蛋白的修饰控制靶基因转录. 近来研究表明,PcG蛋白对干细胞数量维持和命运转变 有重要的调控作用,其成员表达失调或缺失导致许多恶性肿瘤的发生或导致植物细胞 丧失分化能力、形成愈伤组织. 本文简要综述了PcG蛋白的组成及其在干细胞调控中 的作用.