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821.
822.
823.
Shengfang Zhou Somasundar Ashok Yeounjoo Ko Dong-Myung Kim Sunghoon Park 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(10):4389-4398
Pseudomonas denitrificans is a gram-negative bacterium that can produce vitamin B12 under aerobic conditions. Recently, recombinant strains of P. denitrificans overexpressing a vitamin B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase (DhaB) were developed to produce 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) from glycerol. The recombinant P. denitrificans could produce 3-HP successfully under aerobic conditions without an exogenous supply of vitamin B12, but the 3-HP produced disappeared during extended cultivation due to the 3-HP degradation activity in this strain. This study developed mutant strains of P. denitrificans that do not degrade 3-HP. The following eight candidate enzymes, which might be responsible for 3-HP degradation, were selected, cloned, and studied for their activity in Escherichia coli: four (putative) 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenases (3HIBDH), a putative 3-HP dehydrogenase (3HPDH), an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and two choline dehydrogenases (CHDH). Among them, 3HIBDHI, 3HIBDHIV, and 3HPDH exhibited 3-HP degrading activity when expressed heterologously in E. coli. When 3hpdh alone or along with 3hibdhIV were disrupted from P. denitrificans, the mutant P. denitrificans exhibited greatly reduced 3-HP degradation activity that could not grow on 3-HP as the sole carbon and energy source. When the double mutant P. denitrificans Δ3hpdhΔ3hibdhIV was transformed with DhaB, an improved 3-HP yield (0.78 mol/mol) compared to that of the wild-type counterpart (0.45 mol/mol) was obtained from a 24-h flask culture. This study indicates that 3hpdh and 3hibdhIV (to a lesser extent) are mainly responsible for 3-HP degradation in P. denitrificans and their deletion can prevent 3-HP degradation during its production by recombinant P. denitrificans. 相似文献
824.
The potential environmental toxicities of several metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs; CuO, TiO2, NiO, Fe2O3, ZnO, and Co3O4) were evaluated in the context of bioluminescence activity, seed germination, and bacterial gene mutation. The bioassays exhibited different sensitivities, i.e., each kind of NP exhibited a different level of toxicity in each of the bioassays. However, with a few exceptions, CuO and ZnO NPs had most toxic for germination of Lactuca seed (EC50 0.46 mg CuO/l) and bioluminescence (EC50 1.05 mg ZnO/l). Three NPs (Co3O4, TiO2, and Fe2O3) among all tested concentrations (max. 1,000 mg/l) showed no inhibitory effects on the tested organisms, except for Co3O4 NPs on bioluminescence activity (EC50 62.04 mg/l). The sensitivity of Lactuca seeds was greater than that of Raphanus seeds (EC50 0.46 mg CuO/l versus 26.84 mg CuO /l ). The ranking of metal toxicity levels on bioluminescence was in the order of ZnO?>?CuO?>?Co3O4?>?NiO?>?Fe2O3, TiO2, while CuO?>?ZnO?>?NiO?>?Co3O4, Fe2O3, TiO2 on germination. No revertant mutagenic ratio (greater than 2.0) of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 was observed under any tested condition. These findings demonstrate that several bioassays, as opposed to any single one, are needed for the accurate assessment of NP toxicity on ecosystems. 相似文献
825.
Yo Kyung Chung Young Bae Sohn Jong Mun Sohn Jieun Lee Mi Sun Chang Younghee Kwun Chi Hwa Kim Jin Young Lee Yeon Joo Yook Ah-Ra Ko Dong-Kyu Jin 《Glycoconjugate journal》2014,31(4):309-315
Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome; OMIM 309900) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency in the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), leading to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). For enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) of Hunter syndrome, two recombinant enzymes, idursulfase (Elaprase®, Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Lexington, MA) and idursulfase beta (Hunterase®, Green Cross Corporation, Yongin, Korea), are currently available in Korea. To compare the biochemical and physicochemical differences between idursulfase and idursulfase beta, we examined the formylglycine (FGly) content, specific enzyme activity, mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) content, sialic acid content, and in vitro cell uptake activity of normal human fibroblasts of these two enzymes. The FGly content, which determines the enzyme activity, of idursulfase beta was significantly higher than that of idursulfase (79.4?±?0.9 vs. 68.1?±?2.2 %, P?<?0.001). In accordance with the FGly content, the specific enzyme activity of idursulfase beta was significantly higher than that of idursulfase (42.6?±?1.1 vs. 27.8?±?0.9 nmol/min/μg protein, P?<?0.001). The levels of M6P and sialic acid were not significantly different (2.4?±?0.1 vs 2.4?±?0.3 mol/mol protein for M6P and 12.3?±?0.7 vs. 12.4?±?0.4 mol/mol protein for sialic acid). However, the cellular uptake activity of the normal human fibroblasts in vitro showed a significant difference (Kuptake, 5.09?±?0.96 vs. 6.50?±?1.28 nM protein, P?=?0.017). In conclusion, idursulfase beta exhibited significantly higher specific enzyme activity than idursulfase, resulting from higher FGly content. These biochemical differences may be partly attributed to clinical efficacy. However, long-term clinical evaluations of Hunter syndrome patients treated with these two enzymes will be needed to demonstrate the clinical implications of significant difference of the enzyme activity and the FGly content. 相似文献
826.
Jae-Bong Lee Eun-Ji Jung Hee-Bok Park Shil Jin Dong-Won Seo Moon-Suck Ko In-Cheol Cho Jun-Heon Lee Hyun-Tae Lim 《Molecular biology reports》2014,41(11):7167-7173
Most reproductive traits have low heritability and are greatly affected by environmental factors. Teat number and litter size are traits related to the reproduction ability of pigs. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for teat number traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using an F2 intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs. Genotype analysis was performed using the porcine SNP 60 K beadchip. The GWAS was performed using a mixed-effects model and linear regression approach. When a genome-wide threshold was determined using the Bonferroni method (P = 1.61 × 10?6), 38 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in pig chromosome 7 (SSC7) were significantly associated with three teat number traits (total teat number, left teat number, and right teat number). Among these, SNPs in 5 genes (HDDC3, LOC100156276, LOC100155863, ANPEP, SCAMP2) were selected for further study based primarily on their statistical significance. A significant association was detected in SCAMP2 g.25280 G>A for total teat number (P = 2.0 × 10?12), HDDC3 g.1319 G>A SNP for left teat number (P = 2.3 × 10?7), and SCAMP2 g.14198 G>A for right teat number (P = 4.7 × 10?12). These results provide valuable information about the selective breeding for desirable teat numbers in pigs. 相似文献
827.
Saurabh Saxena Jan Stanek Mirko Cevec Janez Plavec Wiktor Koźmiński 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》2014,60(2-3):91-98
A through bond, C4′/H4′ selective, “out and stay” type 4D HC(P)CH experiment is introduced which provides sequential connectivity via H4′(i)–C4′(i)–C4′(i?1)–H4′(i?1) correlations. The 31P dimension (used in the conventional 3D HCP experiment) is replaced with evolution of better dispersed C4′ dimension. The experiment fully utilizes 13C-labeling of RNA by inclusion of two C4′ evolution periods. An additional evolution of H4′ is included to further enhance peak resolution. Band selective 13C inversion pulses are used to achieve selectivity and prevent signal dephasing due to the of C4′–C3′ and C4′–C5′ homonuclear couplings. For reasonable resolution, non-uniform sampling is employed in all indirect dimensions. To reduce sensitivity losses, multiple quantum coherences are preserved during shared-time evolution and coherence transfer delays. In the experiment the intra-nucleotide peaks are suppressed whereas inter-nucleotide peaks are enhanced to reduce the ambiguities. The performance of the experiment is verified on a fully 13C, 15N-labeled 34-nt hairpin RNA comprising typical structure elements. 相似文献
828.
Sung Wook Park Jin Hyoung Kim Ko‐Eun Kim Moon Hee Jeong Hyunsung Park Bongju Park Young‐Ger Suh Woo Jin Park Jeong Hun Kim 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2014,18(5):875-884
Retinal neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the most common cause of blindness for children. Despite evidence that hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α ‐VEGF axis is associated with the pathogenesis of ROP, the inhibitors of HIF‐1α have not been established as a therapeutic target in the control of ROP pathophysiology. We investigated the hypothesis that degradation of HIF‐1α as a master regulator of angiogenesis in hypoxic condition, using β‐lapachone, would confer protection against hypoxia‐induced retinopathy without affecting physiological vascular development in mice with oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR), an animal model of ROP. The effects of β‐lapachone were examined after intraocular injection in mice with OIR. Intraocular administration of β‐lapachone resulted in significant reduction in hypoxia‐induced retinal neovascularization without retinal toxicity or perturbation of developmental retinal angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that HIF‐1α–mediated VEGF expression in OIR is associated with pathological neovascularization, not physiological angiogenesis. Thus, strategies blocking HIF‐1α in the developing eye in the pathological hypoxia could serve as a novel therapeutic target for ROP. 相似文献
829.
Effects of Solvent Additives on Morphology,Charge Generation,Transport, and Recombination in Solution‐Processed Small‐Molecule Solar Cells
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Aung Ko Ko Kyaw Dong Hwan Wang Chan Luo Yong Cao Thuc‐Quyen Nguyen Guillermo C. Bazan Alan J. Heeger 《Liver Transplantation》2014,4(7)
The effects of solvent additive (1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO)) on the morphology, charge generation, transport, and recombination in solution‐processed small‐molecule solar cells are studied and these parameters are correlated with device performance. In the optimum nanoscale morphology, which is processed with 0.4% DIO, the phase separation is large enough to create a percolating pathway for carrier transport, yet still small enough to form large interfacial area for efficient charge separation. Complete phase separation in this film reduces the interfacial defects, which occurs without DIO, and hence suppresses the monomolecular recombination. Moreover, balanced charge transport and weak bimolecular recombination lead to a high fill factor (72%). On the other hand, an excess amount of DIO (0.8%) in the solvent results in the over‐aggregation of the donor phase, which disturbs the percolating pathway of the acceptor phase and reduces the electron mobility. The over‐aggregation of the donor phase also shrinks the interfacial area for charge separation and consequently reduces the photocurrent generation. 相似文献
830.
Comparing the Device Physics and Morphology of Polymer Solar Cells Employing Fullerenes and Non‐Fullerene Acceptors
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Jason T. Bloking Tommaso Giovenzana Andrew T. Higgs Andrew J. Ponec Eric T. Hoke Koen Vandewal Sangwon Ko Zhenan Bao Alan Sellinger Michael D. McGehee 《Liver Transplantation》2014,4(12)
There is a need to find electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics that are not based on fullerene derivatives since fullerenes have a small band gap that limits the open‐circuit voltage (VOC), do not absorb strongly and are expensive. Here, a phenylimide‐based acceptor molecule, 4,7‐bis(4‐(N‐hexyl‐phthalimide)vinyl)benzo[c]1,2,5‐thiadiazole (HPI‐BT), that can be used to make solar cells with VOC values up to 1.11 V and power conversion efficiencies up to 3.7% with two thiophene polymers is demonstrated. An internal quantum efficiency of 56%, compared to 75–90% for polymer‐fullerene devices, results from less efficient separation of geminate charge pairs. While favorable energetic offsets in the polymer‐fullerene devices due to the formation of a disordered mixed phase are thought to improve charge separation, the low miscibility (<5 wt%) of HPI‐BT in polymers is hypothesized to prevent the mixed phase and energetic offsets from forming, thus reducing the driving force for charges to separate into the pure donor and acceptor phases where they can be collected. 相似文献