全文获取类型
收费全文 | 430篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 23篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 17篇 |
2010年 | 19篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 13篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 20篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 20篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 6篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有456条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Anette?B?Grossi J?rgen?S?Agerholm Knud?Christensen Henrik?E?Jensen Páll?S?LeifssonEmail author Christian?Bendixen Peter?Karlskov-Mortensen Merete?Fredholm 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):85
Background
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are frequently found in Danish cattle at slaughter. Bovine PNSTs share several gross and histopathological characteristics with the PNSTs in humans with heritable neurofibromatosis syndromes. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible hereditary disposition to PNSTs in dairy cattle by statistical analysis performed on data from 567 cattle with PNSTs. Furthermore, a preliminary genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on DNA isolated from 28 affected and 28 non-affected Holstein cows to identify loci in the bovine genome involved in the development of PNSTs.Results
PNSTs were significantly more common in the Danish Holstein breed than in other breeds with 0.49% of Danish Holsteins slaughtered during an eight-year-period having PNSTs. PNSTs also occurred significantly more frequently in the offspring of some specific Holstein sires. Examination of three generation pedigrees showed that these sires were genetically related through a widely used US Holstein sire. The PNSTs included in GWAS were histologically classified as neurofibroma-schwannoma (43%), schwannoma (36%) and neurofibroma (21%) and derived from Holstein cows with multiple PNSTs. A single SNP on chromosome 27 reached genome-wide significance.Conclusions
Gross and histological characteristics of bovine PNSTs are comparable to PNSTs in humans (schwannomatosis). Danish Holsteins are genetically disposed to develop PNSTs but the examined materials are insufficient to allow determination of the mode of inheritance.73.
Bettina Pyndt J?rgensen Julie Torpe Hansen Lukasz Krych Christian Larsen Anders Bue Klein Dennis Sandris Nielsen Knud Josefsen Axel Kornerup Hansen Dorte Bratbo S?rensen 《PloS one》2014,9(8)
Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disease in the Western World. A western diet high in saturated fat and refined sugar seems to play an important part in disease development. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating whether saturated fat or sucrose predisposes mice to develop behavioral symptoms which can be interpreted as depression-like, and the possible influence of the gut microbiota (GM) in this. Fourty-two mice were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets, a high-fat, a high-sucrose or a control diet for thirteen weeks. Mice on high-fat diet gained more weight (p = 0.00009), displayed significantly less burrowing behavior than the control mice (p = 0.034), and showed decreased memory in the Morris water maze test compared to mice on high-sucrose diet (p = 0.031). Mice on high-sucrose diet burrowed less goal-oriented, showed greater latency to first bout of immobility in the forced swim test when compared to control mice (p = 0.039) and high-fat fed mice (p = 0.013), and displayed less anxiety than mice on high-fat diet in the triple test (p = 0.009). Behavioral changes were accompanied by a significant change in GM composition of mice fed a high-fat diet, while no difference between diet groups was observed for sucrose preferences, LPS, cholesterol, HbA1c, BDNF and the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-17 and TNF-α. A series of correlations was found between GM, behavior, BDNF and inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, the study shows that dietary fat and sucrose affect behavior, sometimes in opposite directions, and suggests a possible association between GM and behavior. 相似文献
74.
Birgitte Nygaard Niels Erik Frandsen Lisbet Brandi Knud Rasmussen Ove Vyff Oestergaard Lars Oedum Hans Christian Hoeck Ditte Hansen 《PloS one》2014,9(8)
Background
Vitamin D repletion with high doses of vitamin D is often recommended to patients and healthy subjects. The safety, especially concerning changes in urinary calcium excretion is of great importance.Methods
In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in 40 healthy volunteers, we examined the changes in mineral metabolism during supplementation with 3000 IU of oral cholecalciferol daily during 4 months.Results
Both 25(OH)vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2vitamin D increased significantly in the active treated group as compared to the placebo group (186% versus 14% (P<0.001) and 28% versus – 8% (P<0.001)). No change was observed in urinary calcium excretion in the active group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.891). Fibroblast growth factor 23 increased significantly by 10% (P<0.018) in the active group. However, there was no difference in changes in FGF23 between treatment groups (P = 0.457).Conclusion
High dose cholecalciferol significantly increases 25(OH)vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2vitamin D levels compared to placebo. No changes in urinary calcium excretion or other measured components of the mineral metabolism were found between groups.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov . NCT00952562相似文献75.
Knud H. Nierhaus 《Journal of bacteriology》2014,196(22):3817-3819
Mg2+ and K+ are the prevalent di- and monovalent cations inside the cells in all three domains, playing a dominant role in structure and function of biological macromolecules. Ribosomes bind a substantial fraction of total Mg2+ and K+ cations. In this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology, Akanuma and coworkers (G. Akanuma et al., J. Bacteriol. 196:3820–3830, 2014, doi:10.1128/JB.01896-14) report a surprising genetic link between ribosome amounts per cell and the intracellular Mg2+ concentrations. 相似文献
76.
Bacterial RTX Toxins Allow Acute ATP Release from Human Erythrocytes Directly through the Toxin Pore
Marianne Skals Randi G. Bjaelde Jesper Reinholdt Knud Poulsen Brian S. Vad Daniel E. Otzen Jens Leipziger Helle A. Praetorius 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(27):19098-19109
ATP is as an extracellular signaling molecule able to amplify the cell lysis inflicted by certain bacterial toxins including the two RTX toxins α-hemolysin (HlyA) from Escherichia coli and leukotoxin A (LtxA) from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Inhibition of P2X receptors completely blocks the RTX toxin-induced hemolysis over a larger concentration range. It is, however, at present not known how the ATP that provides the amplification is released from the attacked cells. Here we show that both HlyA and LtxA trigger acute release of ATP from human erythrocytes that preceded and were not caused by cell lysis. This early ATP release did not occur via previously described ATP-release pathways in the erythrocyte. Both HlyA and LtxA were capable of triggering ATP release in the presence of the pannexin 1 blockers carbenoxolone and probenecid, and the HlyA-induced ATP release was found to be similar in erythrocytes from pannexin 1 wild type and knock-out mice. Moreover, the voltage-dependent anion channel antagonist TRO19622 had no effect on ATP release by either of the toxins. Finally, we showed that both HlyA and LtxA were able to release ATP from ATP-loaded lipid (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine) vesicles devoid of any erythrocyte channels or transporters. Again we were able to show that this happened in a non-lytic fashion, using calcein-containing vesicles as controls. These data show that both toxins incorporate into lipid vesicles and allow ATP to be released. We suggest that both toxins cause acute ATP release by letting ATP pass the toxin pores in both human erythrocytes and artificial membranes. 相似文献
77.
The little auk population of the Thule district in Greenland is generally believed to be the largest anywhere and to comprise
more than half of the world population, although published numbers have largely been conjectural. In 1996/1997 we estimated
breeding density of little auks at Hakluyt Island in this district by colour-marking a number of birds in three study plots
and subsequently counting marked and unmarked birds present in the plots. The density estimate considered most representative
of the colony was 1.8 birds/m2 or 0.73 pairs/m2 (±7%). From surveys of the inhabitated area of the scree slopes, this density implies a total little auk population for the
island of 130,000 pairs. An extrapolation to the entire Thule district suggests a population in the area of at least 15 million
pairs, which is in general agreement with previously published assumptions.
Accepted: 3 January 2000 相似文献
78.
Søren Ugilt Larsen Uffe Jørgensen Jens Bonderup Kjeldsen Poul Erik Lærke 《Bioenergy Research》2014,7(2):620-635
Long-term yield studies in perennial crops like miscanthus are important to determine mean annual energy yield and the farmer’s economy. In two Danish field trials, annual yield of two miscanthus genotypes was followed over a 20-year period. The trials were established in 1993 on loamy sand in Foulum and on coarse sand in Jyndevad. Effects of genotype, row distance and fertilization were investigated. In both trials, yield development over time was characterized by an increase during the first years, optimum yields after 7–8 years and a decrease to a lower level which remained relatively constant from year 11 to 20. Spring harvest reduced the yield by 34–42 % compared to autumn harvest. In Foulum annual fertilization with 75 kg ha?1 N increased the yield of the genotype Goliath (Miscanthus sinensis) by 26 %. Additional N fertilization only increased the yield of Goliath little, and the genotype Giganteus (Miscanthus?×?giganteus) did not respond to fertilization at all. The highest mean yield in Foulum for the period 1997–2012 was obtained with the shortest row distance (~18,000 rather than ~12,000 plants ha?1) and harvested in late autumn, namely 13.1 and 12.0 Mg ha?1 DM annually for Giganteus and Goliath, respectively. In Jyndevad, where only Goliath was studied, the highest yield during 1995–2001 was obtained by short row distance, autumn harvest and annual fertilization with 75 kg ha?1 N, with yield increasing up to 116 % in response to fertilization. A mean yield of 14.4 Mg ha?1 DM was achieved over the period 1995–2012. 相似文献
79.
80.
Peter Hammershøj Mikkel Jessing Anders Ø. Madsen Knud J. Jensen Jørn B. Christensen Ulrik Boas 《International journal of peptide research and therapeutics》2007,13(1-2):209-212
The development of new linkers (handles) for solid-phase synthesis provides new chemical opportunities for peptide synthesis.
To understand the chemical properties of a recently developed backbone amide linker from a structural perspective, the crystal
structure of S-((5-formyl-3,4-ethylenedioxy)thiophene-2-yl)-3-thiopropionic acid (T-BAL2) was studied. Specifically, we wished
to address whether this highly substituted thiophene retained planarity in the aromatic ring as well as between the aromatic
ring and the aldehyde carbonyl. Furthermore, we sought an explanation for the relatively low reactivity in reductive aminations
of the thienylaldehyde with amines in solution and on solid phase. Based on the crystal structure of T-BAL2, the thienyl-C
(aldehyde) and C–O (aldehyde) bond lengths were applied as measures for the electron-deficiency (electrophilicity) of the
aldehyde and compared to similar bond lengths found in previously reported formylated homo- and hetero-aromatic systems, which
show significantly higher reactivity towards imine formation. The bond lengths found in the present structure are in accordance
with normal C–C single bond and C–O double bond lengths. The high similarity in aldehyde bond lengths in the present system
and in the reported systems indicates similar electron distribution in these systems. The lower reactivity of the present
system may therefore not be attributed to electronic factors. 相似文献