医学生抗生素及微生态学相关知识认知水平调查

抗生素过度使用是一个全球性问题,我国抗生素过度使用问题较为严重和普遍。而微生态制剂以其安全、有效的优点以及可一定程度上替代抗生素等特点正引起越来越广泛的关注。医学生作为未来的医务工作者,其对上述二者相关知识的认知直接关系到这一问题的解决。本文阐述了作者通过调查问卷得出的当代医学生对抗生素及微生态学知识的认知水平的调查结果,并进行了相关分析。     

根癌农杆菌介导的CMO基因转化马铃薯的研究

通过根癌农杆菌介导法将强组成型表达启动子CaMV 35S和逆境诱导表达启动子rd29A 驱动的菠菜胆碱单加氧酶(CMO)基因导入马铃薯栽培品种夏波蒂(Shepody)和费乌瑞它( Favorita)中,获得了抗卡那霉素再生植株,对转化植株进行PCR检测初步表明CMO基因已整 合到转基因马铃薯基因组中.并对光照强度对马铃薯试管薯遗传转化的影响进行了研究,结果表明在诱导芽分化的过程中,2 000 lx的光照强度有利于试管薯薄片直接再生出抗性芽.     

Effect of excluded volume on topological properties of circular DNA

We have performed computer simulations of closed polymer chains with allowance for the excluded volume effects within the framework of the free-joint model. The probability of knot formation, the linking probability of a pair of chains and the variance in the writhing number proved to be significantly affected by the excluded volume effects. This is true even for DNA with completely screened charges for which the b/d ratio (where b is the Kuhn statistical length and d is the diameter of the double helix) is as large as 50. Allowance for the electrostatic repulsion (change of the DNA effective diameter d) further increases the effects. The most dramatic dependence on d is found for the probability of knot formation. The data on the dependence of the variance of writhing, mean value of (WR)2, on d indicate that the DNA superhelix energy should be significantly ionic strength-dependent. Special calculations have shown that the free-joint model underestimates the mean value of (Wr)2 value by about 20% as compared with the wormlike model.     

Variance of writhe for wormlike DNA rings with excluded volume

We have calculated the variance of the equilibrium distribution of a circular wormlike polymer chain over the writhing number, less than (Wr)2 greater than, with allowance for the excluded volume effects. Within this model the less than (Wr)2 greater than value is a function of the number of Kuhn statistical segments, n, and the chain diameter, d measured in Kuhn statistical lengths, b. Simulated DNA chains varied from 200 to 10,000 base pairs and the d value varied from 0.02 to 0.2. Theory predicts a considerable ionic strength dependence of the DNA superhelix energy as a consequence of the change in the DNA diameter. A comparison with the available experimental data has yielded an estimate of the DNA torsional rigidity, the Kuhn statistical length, and the effective diameter of the double helix under conditions of the complete screening of the DNA electrostatic potential.     

大鼠新鲜分离DRG神经元胞体膜谷氨酸受体亚型及其分布

本文目的是研究ＤＲＧ神经元膜谷氨酸受体亚型的分布及其共存情况。实验在ＤＲＧ分离细胞上应用膜片带技术记录ＮＭＤＡ－,ＫＡ－和ＱＡ／ＡＭＰＡ－激活电流。在受检的３７个细胞中７０．３％的细胞对ＮＭＤＡ敏感;１８．９％的细胞对ＫＡ敏感;５６．８％的细胞对ＱＡ敏感。其分布的情况是：单独存在一种受体的细胞为１５个;二种受体共存的细胞为１３个;三种受体共存的细胞为４个．另外有４个细胞三种受体均无。     

青海孟达国家级自然保护区植物多样性研究

对孟达国家级自然保护区的植物多样性进行了研究。结果表明:保护区内有植物90科、298属、529种(包括变种)。其中,有裸子植物16种,被子植物488种,蕨类植物17种,苔藓类植物8种。国家珍稀濒危保护植物8种。资源植物丰富,分为药用、观赏、食用等10大类。植物垂直分布明显,生态系统类型多样。提出保护植物多样性应采取的措施。     

黑河下游分水后的植被变化初步研究

黑河下游地区近年来由于河水注入量的持续减少,使得依赖河水补给的地下水相应减少,造成区域性地下水位下降,从而出现了一系列的生态环境问题,大面积湿地消失,天然植被全面衰败,土地盐化加剧,胡杨和沙枣林面积减少,并以老林为主,红柳灌丛也减少,并且多已成为稀疏矮化的群落。各种禾草草甸严重退化,多以演替成苦豆子群落。为了恢复和重建受损的下游生态系统,2000年7月开始,实施了黑河下游应急生态输水工程,水流于2002年7月17日流进黑河尾闾端的东、西居延海,使干涸10年的居延海重新受到水的滋润。作者根据近三年黑河下游分水前后地下水位和植被等项内容的监测资料,探讨了地下水位与天然植被生长的相互关系。研究结果表明：分水使得该地区生态环境有了较大的改善,地下水位普遍抬升,胡杨林得到恢复,灌木荒漠植被得到部分恢复,禾草草甸植被得到一定程度的恢复。     

非洲爪蟾胚胎细胞核移入花背蟾蜍成熟卵后的细胞学研究

This paper reports the development of the nuclear transplanted eggs obtained by transplanting Xenopus laevis blastomere nuclei to Bufo raddei. The formation of the donor nuclei is similar to that of the male pronuclei in the normal development egg in the early stage while shows degradation in the late stage after transplanting. The chromosome complement formes in some eggs 30 minutes after transplantation, which is assumed to contribute to the development of the transplanted eggs [Acta Zoologica Sinica 51 （5） ： 924 - 931, 2005].     

中国6省2005年麻疹病毒分离株分子特征分析

研究2005年我国6省麻疹暴发、流行的野毒株基因型特征和分子流行病学,为进一步的麻疹防治策略提供科学依据.用RT-PCR方法,从2005年6省分离的48株麻疹病毒株中扩增出核蛋白（nucleoprotein, N）基因C末端676个核苷酸片段.再对扩增产物进行核苷酸序列测定和分析,并以C末端456个核苷酸片段构建基因亲缘性关系树,进行核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分析.6省分离的48株麻疹病毒均为H1基因型,其中两株为H1b亚型, 其余为H1a亚型.48株野毒株的核苷酸同源性为95.1%～100%（核苷酸差异为0～22bp）,氨基酸同源性为92.7%～100%;与我国疫苗株S191的核苷酸同源性为88.7%～92.5%,氨基酸同源性为88.0%～91.2%.其中Shaanxi05-1和Yunnan05-1,Anhui05-2和Ningxia05-9的N末端456个核苷酸的同源性为100%;Hebei05-19、Anhui00-2和Liaoning02-2,Hebei05-1和Chongqing04-3的核苷酸的同源性为100%.引起2005年我国6省麻疹暴发流行的野毒株为H1基因型,并以H1a为绝对优势亚型.各省之间存在相同毒株引起的传播链,不同年份之间存在相同麻疹野毒株的持续循环传播.同时提示,有必要进一步研究由核苷酸变异引起的氨基酸变异及中和抗原位点等生物学性状的改变,可能影响麻疹病毒的毒力和传播力.