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71.
72.
Local abiotic filters and regional processes (i.e., regional pools of species that are dispersal-limited to varying degrees) interactively structure the development of vegetation in human-disturbed habitats, yet their relative contributions to this process are still to be determined. In this study conducted in the Czech Republic, we related plant species diversity and composition of 10 fly ash and 7 mine tailings to local edaphic conditions, and to vegetation from a 100-m perimeter (regional species pool). We found that the species richness and composition on the tailings were significantly associated with diversity and composition of vegetation in the surroundings, but not with the local edaphic conditions. Species from adjacent vegetation that were more abundant and those producing lighter seeds were more likely to establish on the tailings. The same characteristics also enhanced species abundance on the tailings, but the two predictors explained less than 10% in variation of establishment success or of species abundance. A non-significant relationship between species number and tailings size, but a significant association between diversity and time of vegetation development indicate that the study systems are still far from equilibrium. Our study provides evidence for a strong effect of regional processes, with a limited influence of measured edaphic conditions on plant communities developing de novo. It also highlights the necessity to consider the broader spatial context in the analysis of vegetation succession in human-disturbed habitats. 相似文献
73.
74.
Pavel A. Abramov Rita Hernandez-Molina Alexander V. Virovets Pedro Gili Vladimir P. Fedin 《Inorganica chimica acta》2010,363(13):3330-3337
Reaction of [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(H2O)6]2+ with Mo(CO)6 or metallic Mo under hydrothermal conditions (140 °C, 4 M HCl) gives oxido-sulfido cluster aqua complex [Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-O)2(μ-S)(H2O)9]4+ (1). Similarly, [W3(μ3-S)(μ-O)2(μ-S)(H2O)9]4+ (2) is obtained from [W2O2(μ-S)2(H2O)6]2+ and W(CO)6. While reaction of [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(H2O)6]2+ with W(CO)6 mainly proceeds as simple reduction to give 1, [W2O2(μ-S)2(H2O)6]2+ with Mo(CO)6 produces new mixed-metal cluster [W2Mo(μ3-S)(μ-O)2(μ-S)(H2O)9]4+ (3) as main product. From solutions of 1 in HCl supramolecular adduct with cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) {[Mo3O2S2(H2O)6Cl3]2CB[6]}Cl2⋅18H2O (4) was isolated and structurally characterized. The aqua complexes were converted into acetylacetonates [M3O2S2(acac)3(py)3]PF6 (M3 = Mo3, W3, W2Mo; 5a-c), which were characterized by X-ray single crystal analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structure of (H5O2)(Me4N)4[W3(μ3-S)(μ2-S)(μ2-O)2(NCS)9] (6), obtained from 2, is also reported. 相似文献
75.
In this study we present an optimized method of high-pressure freezing and automated freeze-substitution of cultured human
cells, followed by LR White embedding, for subsequent immunolabeling. Also, the influence of various conditions of the freeze-substitution
procedures such as temperature, duration, and additives in the substitution medium on the preservation of cryo-immobilized
cells was analyzed. The recommended approach combines (1) automated freeze-substitution for high reproducibility and minimizing
human-derived errors; (2) minimal addition of contrasting and fixing agents; (3) easy-to-use LR White resin for embedment;
(4) good preservation of nuclei and nucleoli which are usually the most difficult structures to effectively vitrify and saturate
in a resin; and (5) preservation of antigens for sensitive immunogold labeling. 相似文献
76.
Human DNA tumor viruses induce host cell proliferation in order to establish the necessary cellular milieu to replicate viral DNA. The consequence of such viral-programmed induction of proliferation coupled with the introduction of foreign replicating DNA structures makes these viruses particularly sensitive to the host DNA damage response machinery. In fact, sensors of DNA damage are often activated and modulated by DNA tumor viruses in both latent and lytic infection. This article focuses on the role of the DNA damage response during the life cycle of human DNA tumor viruses, with a particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of the role of the DNA damage response in EBV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human papillomavirus infection. 相似文献
77.
A novel procedure for the separation of the cellular thiol pool according to the molecular weight and localization of compounds with sulphydryl groups is presented. This simple and rapid method allows the differentiation of thiols into three major fractions-low molecular weight (LMT, primarily glutathione and free cysteine), protein-bound (TPT) and pellet-bound (PBT, associated with cell walls and broken organelles). Moreover, determination of the ratio between surface (readily reactive) thiols (ATG) and those that are more or less buried in the protein structure (BTG) can be achieved. In intact pea leaves, the amounts of the total thiols (LMT+PBT+TPT) varies from 2.5 to 4.8 micromol/g of fresh material. The data for LMT, PBT and TPT were related to each other in the approximate ratio 1:2:7. Treatments of pea plants with high temperature, salinity and low amounts of atrazine affect these sulphydryl types differently. For a greater understanding of the applicability of this method to physiological research, the main mechanisms leading to alterations in the cellular thiol pool are discussed. Furthermore, it is suggested that the proportion of available to buried thiols (ATG/BTG) in proteins could be used as a convenient marker for stress impacts. 相似文献
78.
Li HB Müller M Bahechar IA Kyrchanova O Ohno K Georgiev P Pirrotta V 《Molecular and cellular biology》2011,31(4):616-625
The genomic binding sites of Polycomb group (PcG) complexes have been found to cluster, forming Polycomb "bodies" or foci in mammalian or fly nuclei. These associations are thought to be driven by interactions between PcG complexes and result in enhanced repression. Here, we show that a Polycomb response element (PRE) with strong PcG binding and repressive activity cannot mediate trans interactions. In the case of the two best-studied interacting PcG targets in Drosophila, the Mcp and the Fab-7 regulatory elements, we find that these associations are not dependent on or caused by the Polycomb response elements they contain. Using functional assays and physical colocalization by in vivo fluorescence imaging or chromosome conformation capture (3C) methods, we show that the interactions between remote copies of Mcp or Fab-7 elements are dependent on the insulator activities present in these elements and not on their PREs. We conclude that insulator binding proteins rather than PcG complexes are likely to be the major determinants of the long-range higher-order organization of PcG targets in the nucleus. 相似文献
79.
Tomá? Venit Rastislav Dzijak Al?běta Kalendová Michal Kahle Jana Roho?ková Volker Schmidt Thomas Rülicke Birgit Rathkolb Wolfgang Hans Alexander Bohla Oliver Eickelberg Tobias Stoeger Eckhard Wolf Ali ?nder Yildirim Valérie Gailus-Durner Helmut Fuchs Martin Hrabě de Angelis Pavel Hozák 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
80.
J. Marala N. Luk
ov J. Pavel M. Silviov K. Kuchrov M. Marala 《Journal of neurochemistry》2003,85(Z2):37-37
Histochemical, immunocytochemical and radioassay study was performed to detect the occurrence of NOS‐immunoreactive primary trigeminal sensory somata in the trigeminal ganglion, including their fiber components. Spinal trigeminal tract and sensory trigeminal nuclei were studied using the same methods. It was found that more than 30% of all somata in the trigeminal ganglion are NOS immunoreactive. Corresponding fibers were detected in the spinal trigeminal tract. NOS immunoreactive fibers of three different categories could be followed to terminate in the sensory trigeminal nuclei. Data presented here confirm that trigeminal sensory system is richly endowed with NOS and that NO is used to communicate between the first and second‐order trigeminal sensory neurons. Acknowledgements: Supported by VEGA Grant no. 2/3217/23PS9, STAA Grant no. 51‐013002 and by NIH grants NS 32794 and NS 40386 to M.M. 相似文献