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41.
Wies?awa Klimek-Piotrowska Mateusz Koziej Mateusz K. Ho?da Katarzyna Pi?tek Karolina Wszo?ek Anna Tyszka Elizabeth Kmiotek Mateusz Pliczko Aleksandra ?liwińska Klaudia Krauss Marcin Miszczyk Jerzy Walocha 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Background and Objective
The aim of the present study was to determine the level of adiposity and obesity in Polish adolescents and compare the results with earlier studies conducted in this population as well as those carried out in other populations.Methods
The study group consisted of 456 boys and 514 girls aged 14-18 years living in Cracow chosen from randomly selected secondary schools. Weight, height, waist, and hip circumference (WC, HC) as well as triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thickness (SFT) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), subscapular/triceps skinfold ratio (STR), and percentage body fat were computed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity based on Polish children growth reference were calculated and age-dependent and gender-specific smoothed percentile curves for BMI and ROC curves were generated.Results
Weight, height, WC, HC (up 16yr), WHtR (up 15yr), and WHR were considerably higher in males than females. Weight, height, and HC increased with age; WHtR remained the same. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 10.2% (boys 10.3%; girls 10.1%) and 4.2% (boys 5.3%; girls 3.3%). ROC analysis revealed that WHtR was the best tool for detection of obesity (AUC of 0.982±0.007) in males, whereas the sum of four SFTs (AUC: 0.968±0.011) and WHtR (AUC: 0.963±0.012) were the best predictors of obesity in females.Conclusions
The level of adiposity in Cracow adolescents increased during the last decade. However, it is still lower than in other well-developed societies struggling with obesity epidemics. 相似文献42.
Katarzyna Golan Cezary Sempruch Edyta Górska-Drabik Paweł Czerniewicz Bożena Łagowska Izabela Kot Katarzyna Kmieć Klaudia Magierowicz Bogumił Leszczyński 《Arthropod-Plant Interactions》2017,11(5):675-682
The study aimed at comparing the changes in the content of free amino acids, phenolic compounds and the activity of PAL and TAL caused by two piercing-sucking arthropods: the grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh.) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in the leaves of orchid and strawberry, respectively. The obtained results show that the amino acid content and the ratio of amino acids to phenolic compounds increased in both plant species infested by the mealybug and the mite. However, such response was weakly dependent on changes in activity of the analysed enzymes. The pest feeding affected accumulation of the phenolic compounds, since the induction of the PAL activity in mealybug-infested orchid leaves during the first 5 h of the experiment preceded the increase in phenolic compounds during the first week of insect feeding. Instead, the increased activity of TAL was accompanied by elevated levels of phenolic compounds in the leaves of strawberry infested by mites. Mechanisms of biochemical plant responses induced by infestation of the studied herbivorous arthropods are discussed. 相似文献
43.
Čobanová K Petrovič V Mellen M Arpášova H Grešáková L Faix Š 《Biological trace element research》2011,144(1-3):736-746
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the selenium distribution in eggs from hens fed diets supplemented with Se from sodium selenite (SS) or selenium-enriched yeast (SY). One-day-old female chickens of Hy-Line Brown breed were randomly divided into four groups according to dietary treatments and, for the subsequent 9?months, were fed diets which differed only in the form or amount of Se supplemented. During the whole experiment, group 1 (control) was fed basal diet (BD) with only background Se level of 0.13?mg/kg dry matter (DM). Diets for groups 2 and 3 consisted of BD supplemented with an Se dose of 0.4?mg/kg DM either in the form of SS or SY, respectively. Group 4 was fed BD supplemented with 0.9?mg Se/kg DM from SY. After 9?months of dietary treatments, the Se levels in egg yolk and albumen from hens fed unsupplemented diet were almost identical whereas eggs from hens given diet supplemented with SS showed significantly higher Se deposition in yolk than in albumen (P?0.01). On the other hand, the feed supplementation with Se doses 0.4 or 0.9?mg/kg DM from SY resulted in significantly higher Se concentration in albumen than in yolk (both P?0.001). The total Se amounts in whole eggs from hens in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 5.1, 14.4, 22.7 and 31.6?μg Se/egg thus demonstrating the significantly higher (P?0.001) selenium deposition in eggs from hens given feed enriched with SY than from birds fed diet with equivalent SS dose. Regardless of dose and source, the selenium supplementation to feeds for groups 2, 3 and 4 resulted in significantly increased α-tocopherol concentration in egg yolk compared to control group 1 (P?0.001). The presented results demonstrate the different pattern of Se distribution in egg mass when laying hens are fed diets supplemented with inorganic or organic selenium sources. 相似文献
44.
Ian Sudbery Jim Stalker Jared T Simpson Thomas Keane Alistair G Rust Matthew E Hurles Klaudia Walter Dee Lynch Lydia Teboul Steve D Brown Heng Li Zemin Ning Joseph H Nadeau Colleen M Croniger Richard Durbin David J Adams 《Genome biology》2009,10(10):1-19
Genome sequences are essential tools for comparative and mutational analyses. Here we present the short read sequence of mouse chromosome 17 from the Mus musculus domesticus derived strain A/J, and the Mus musculus castaneus derived strain CAST/Ei. We describe approaches for the accurate identification of nucleotide and structural variation in the genomes of vertebrate experimental organisms, and show how these techniques can be applied to help prioritize candidate genes within quantitative trait loci. 相似文献
45.
doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00381.x Effect of denture adhesive on the micro‐organisms in vivo Background: Denture adhesives increase the retention and stability of dentures in edentulous patients, especially in cases where salivary flow is impaired or in the management of traumatised oral mucosa. Objectives: The effect of a denture adhesive on the oral flora at different time intervals. Method: Thirty denture‐wearing patients were involved in this study. While half of the group received a denture adhesive, the other half did not. At baseline, 1 and 2 months after delivering the dentures, smear samples were obtained from the saliva, palate and the dentures. Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, α‐haemolytic streptococci, β‐haemolytic streptococci, Pneumococcus aureus, S. anginosus, S. intermedius, S. constellatus, S. sanguis, S. gordonii, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. salivarius, and yeasts were investigated. The data were statistically analysed using anova and repeated measures. Results: Most types of the micro‐organisms were not seen and could not be analysed statistically except α‐haemolytic streptococci and C. albicans. No statistically significant difference was found for α‐haemolytic streptococci and C. albicans in saliva, palate and the denture at all time intervals. Conclusions: Prolonged use of the denture adhesive tested up to 2 months did not yield to increase in micro‐organisms of the oral flora. 相似文献
46.
47.
Rzychon M Filipek R Sabat A Kosowska K Dubin A Potempa J Bochtler M 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2003,12(10):2252-2256
Staphostatins are the endogenous inhibitors of the major secreted cysteine proteases of Staphylococcus aureus, the staphopains. Here, we present the 1.4 A crystal structure of staphostatin B and show that the fold can be described as a fully closed, highly sheared eight-stranded beta-barrel. Thus, staphostatin B is related to beta-barrel domains that are involved in the inhibition or regulation of proteases of various catalytic types and to the superfamily of lipocalins/cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins. Unexpectedly for a cysteine protease inhibitor, staphostatin B is not significantly similar to cystatins. 相似文献
48.
We investigated the effect of a novel trait, a red feather on the forehead, on sexual imprinting in the dimorphic zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. Parents reared young in one of four imprinting groups: (1) both parents adorned with the red feather; (2) the father only adorned; (3) the mother only adorned; (4) both parents unadorned. After the young matured, we tested their preference for adorned and unadorned conspecifics of the opposite sex in simultaneous double-choice tests. Females but not males sexually imprinted on the red feather when their parents or father were adorned. In further tests, females that had sexually imprinted on the red feather did not generalize from the learned preference for a red feather to a preference for an orange or blue feather. Neither males nor females reared by unadorned parents showed a latent preference for potential mates adorned with a red, orange, or blue feather. Our results show that in the dimorphic zebra finch, only females sexually imprint on a novel trait. Sexual imprinting can support the evolution of novel male traits and would enhance the dimorphism in this species.Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 相似文献
49.
Wise A Foord SM Fraser NJ Barnes AA Elshourbagy N Eilert M Ignar DM Murdock PR Steplewski K Green A Brown AJ Dowell SJ Szekeres PG Hassall DG Marshall FH Wilson S Pike NB 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(11):9869-9874
Nicotinic acid has been used clinically for over 40 years in the treatment of dyslipidemia producing a desirable normalization of a range of cardiovascular risk factors, including a marked elevation of high density lipoprotein and a reduction in mortality. The precise mechanism of action of nicotinic acid is unknown, although it is believed that activation of a G(i)-G protein-coupled receptor may contribute. Utilizing available information on the tissue distribution of nicotinic acid receptors, we identified candidate orphan receptors. The selected orphan receptors were screened for responses to nicotinic acid, in an assay for activation of G(i)-G proteins. Here we describe the identification of the G protein-coupled receptor HM74 as a low affinity receptor for nicotinic acid. We then describe the subsequent identification of HM74A in follow-up bioinformatics searches and demonstrate that it acts as a high affinity receptor for nicotinic acid and other compounds with related pharmacology. The discovery of HM74A as a molecular target for nicotinic acid may facilitate the discovery of superior drug molecules to treat dyslipidemia. 相似文献
50.
Vivien Klaudia Nagy Gábor Széplaki Astrid Apor Valentina Kutyifa Attila Kovács Annamária Kosztin Dávid Becker András Mihály Boros László Gellér Béla Merkely 《PloS one》2015,10(12)