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21.
D A Norris S B Ryan R M Kissinger K A Fritz S T Boyce 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1985,135(2):1073-1079
We have conducted a systematic comparison of lysis of TNP-coated keratinocyte targets by TNP-specific antibody, by antibody plus complement, by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and by natural killing with the use of monocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil effectors. With chromium-release assays, human keratinocytes, HEp-2 cells (transformed human keratinocytes), PAM 212 cells (transformed mouse keratinocytes), and RSC (transformed rabbit keratinocytes) were all susceptible to monocyte- and lymphocyte-mediated ADCC (p less than 0.01 to p less than 0.02). All trypsinized keratinocyte targets were also susceptible to natural killing by monocyte or lymphocyte effectors (p = 0.05 to p less than 0.001). Antibody and antibody plus complement were poor mediators of keratinocyte lysis. If protein and complex lipid synthesis of keratinocytes were inhibited by 16-hr cycloheximide preincubation, then keratinocytes were susceptible to complement-mediated lysis, implying that the resistance of these cells to complement may be due to repair of transmembrane pores. Comparison of chromium-release assays with fluorescein diacetate dye uptake viability assays showed that human keratinocytes were still susceptible to monocyte and lymphocyte ADCC but not to antibody, antibody plus complement, or natural killing. The reproducible and uniform susceptibility of normal and transformed keratinocyte targets from three different species to monocyte and lymphocyte ADCC supports the hypothesis that this mechanism of cellular lysis may be important in antibody-associated diseases of epidermal cytotoxicity. 相似文献
22.
Sea urchin Hox genes: insights into the ancestral Hox cluster 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We describe the Hox cluster in the radially symmetric sea urchin and
compare our findings to what is known from clusters in bilaterally
symmetric animals. Several Hox genes from the direct-developing sea urchin
Heliocidaris erythrogramma are described. CHEF gel analysis shows that the
Hox genes are clustered on a < or = 300 kilobase (kb) fragment of DNA,
and only a single cluster is present, as in lower chordates and other
nonvertebrate metazoans. Phylogenetic analyses of sea urchin, amphioxus,
Drosophila, and selected vertebrate Hox genes confirm that the H.
erythrogramma genes, and others previously cloned from other sea urchins,
belong to anterior, central, and posterior groups. Despite their radial
body plan and lack of cephalization, echinoderms retain at least one of the
anterior group Hox genes, an orthologue of Hox3. The structure of the
echinoderm Hox cluster suggests that the ancestral deuterostome had a Hox
cluster more similar to the current chordate cluster than was expected Sea
urchins have at least three Abd-B type genes, suggesting that Abd-B
expansion began before the radiation of deuterostomes.
相似文献
23.
Li ZH De Gaudenzi JG Alvarez VE Mendiondo N Wang H Kissinger JC Frasch AC Docampo R 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(23):19058-19069
24.
David A. Ellis Julie K. Blazel Chinh V. Tran Frank Ruebsam Douglas E. Murphy Lian-Sheng Li Jingjing Zhao Yuefen Zhou Helen M. McGuire Alan X. Xiang Stephen E. Webber Qiang Zhao Qing Han Charles R. Kissinger Matthew Lardy Alberto Gobbi Richard E. Showalter Amit M. Shah Mei Tsan Rupal A. Patel Leo Kirkovsky 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(21):6047-6052
The discovery of 5,5′- and 6,6′-dialkyl-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyridin-2-ones as potent inhibitors of the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) is described. Several of these agents also display potent antiviral activity in cell culture experiments (EC50 <0.10 μM). In vitro DMPK data for selected compounds as well as crystal structures of representative inhibitors complexed with the NS5B protein are also disclosed. 相似文献
25.
Stoeckert CJ Fischer S Kissinger JC Heiges M Aurrecoechea C Gajria B Roos DS 《Trends in parasitology》2006,22(12):543-546
Version 5.1 of PlasmoDB, a resource for malaria parasite genomic and functional genomics datasets, was released in August 2006. This new release includes additional Plasmodium genomes and a newly designed website. The new site reflects the status of PlasmoDB as a member of a linked family of Apicomplexan databases. 相似文献
26.
Roos DS Crawford MJ Donald RG Fraunholz M Harb OS He CY Kissinger JC Shaw MK Striepen B 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2002,357(1417):35-46
Apicomplexan species constitute a diverse group of parasitic protozoa, which are responsible for a wide range of diseases in many organisms. Despite differences in the diseases they cause, these parasites share an underlying biology, from the genetic controls used to differentiate through the complex parasite life cycle, to the basic biochemical pathways employed for intracellular survival, to the distinctive cell biology necessary for host cell attachment and invasion. Different parasites lend themselves to the study of different aspects of parasite biology: Eimeria for biochemical studies, Toxoplasma for molecular genetic and cell biological investigation, etc. The Plasmodium falciparum Genome Project contributes the first large-scale genomic sequence for an apicomplexan parasite. The Plasmodium Genome Database (http://PlasmoDB.org) has been designed to permit individual investigators to ask their own questions, even prior to formal release of the reference P. falciparum genome sequence. As a case in point, PlasmoDB has been exploited to identify metabolic pathways associated with the apicomplexan plastid, or 'apicoplast' - an essential organelle derived by secondary endosymbiosis of an alga, and retention of the algal plastid. 相似文献
27.
Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC) has been shown to have unique advantages for the determination of many substances of neurochemical interest. The technique is rapid, sensitive, and relatively inexpensive. In addition, it avoids the need for radiolabelled substances, the formation of volatile derivatives, or reactions which generate fluorescent products. LCEC is widely used for the measurement of the catecholamines and their metabolites and has recently gained acceptance for determination of the neurochemically important tryptophan metabolites. The method is also capable of assessing the activity of a number of neurologically important enzymes. The review which follows is intended to provide a brief overview of the LCEC technique and a guide to recent literature exemplifying its neurochemical applications. 相似文献
28.
A highly selective and sensitive method for the measurement of serotonin and its metabolites in brain tissue has been developed, based on reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The method combines a clean-up step on small, gravity-fed isolation columns with a liquid chromatograph utilizing an on-line sample enrichment procedure. This procedure significantly increases the sensitivity available, allowing determination of picomolar concentrations. Application of this technology is made to the determination of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid and small regions of the mammalian brain. As little as 1 mg. of tissue can be studied with a RSD of 4.46% for 5-HT and 5.98% for 5-HIAA. 相似文献
29.
Whole-genome comparisons provide insight into genome evolution by informing on gene repertoires, gene gains/losses, and genome organization. Most of our knowledge about eukaryotic genome evolution is derived from studies of multicellular model organisms. The eukaryotic phylum Apicomplexa contains obligate intracellular protist parasites responsible for a wide range of human and veterinary diseases (e.g., malaria, toxoplasmosis, and theileriosis). We have developed an in silico protein-encoding gene based pipeline to investigate synteny across 12 apicomplexan species from six genera. Genome rearrangement between lineages is extensive. Syntenic regions (conserved gene content and order) are rare between lineages and appear to be totally absent across the phylum, with no group of three genes found on the same chromosome and in the same order within 25 kb up- and downstream of any orthologous genes. Conserved synteny between major lineages is limited to small regions in Plasmodium and Theileria/Babesia species, and within these conserved regions, there are a number of proteins putatively targeted to organelles. The observed overall lack of synteny is surprising considering the divergence times and the apparent absence of transposable elements (TEs) within any of the species examined. TEs are ubiquitous in all other groups of eukaryotes studied to date and have been shown to be involved in genomic rearrangements. It appears that there are different criteria governing genome evolution within the Apicomplexa relative to other well-studied unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. 相似文献
30.
Kissinger CN Cameron SA Thorp RW White B Solter LF 《Journal of invertebrate pathology》2011,107(3):220-224
Pathogens have been implicated as potential factors in the recent decline of some North American bumble bee (Bombus) species, but little information has been reported about the natural enemy complex of bumble bees in the United States. We targeted bumble bee populations in a state-wide survey in Illinois and several sites in California and Oregon where declines have been reported to determine presence and prevalence of natural enemies. Based on our observations, most parasites and pathogens appear to be widespread generalists among bumble bee species, but susceptibility to some natural enemies appeared to vary. 相似文献