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11.
本文报告慢性清醒猫正常摄食过程中胃电的变化,以及脑室注射心得安和动物麻醉对胃电的影响。结果显示,空腹饥饿状态下,猫胃电图上出现具有特征性的高振幅的“饥饿波”;摄食时胃电慢波抑制,可见较小快波;进食后半小时左右,胃电开始出现每分钟4—5次的振幅逐渐增大的正弦形慢波,多数慢波负载有快波。脑室注射心得安,可使饱猫胃电慢波抑制期出现饥饿波。动物在饥饿时麻醉,胃电慢波幅度显著降低,饥饿波完全不出现,苏醒后逐渐恢复。 相似文献
12.
Jian Liu Alexander W Bell John JM Bergeron Corey M Yanofsky Brian Carrillo Christian EH Beaudrie Robert E Kearney 《Proteome science》2007,5(1):3-12
Background
Tandem mass spectrometry followed by database search is currently the predominant technology for peptide sequencing in shotgun proteomics experiments. Most methods compare experimentally observed spectra to the theoretical spectra predicted from the sequences in protein databases. There is a growing interest, however, in comparing unknown experimental spectra to a library of previously identified spectra. This approach has the advantage of taking into account instrument-dependent factors and peptide-specific differences in fragmentation probabilities. It is also computationally more efficient for high-throughput proteomics studies. 相似文献13.
Background
The formation of native disulfide bonds is a complex and essential post-translational modification for many proteins. The large scale production of these proteins can be difficult and depends on targeting the protein to a compartment in which disulfide bond formation naturally occurs, usually the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotes or the periplasm of prokaryotes. It is currently thought to be impossible to produce large amounts of disulfide bond containing protein in the cytoplasm of wild-type bacteria such as E. coli due to the presence of multiple pathways for their reduction. 相似文献14.
G M Cabello J L Cabello EH Jr O Fernande A Harris 《Human biology; an international record of research》2001,73(3):403-409
Cystic fibrosis patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were screened for mutations in exons 11 and 16 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) by a nonradioactive single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis technique. This procedure was used to evaluate the undefined mutations in one or both alleles of 64 cystic fibrosis patients. Unusual SSCP profiles were investigated further by sequence analysis. Two patients were shown to carry the G542X mutation (exon 11) and five had the splicing mutation 3120+1G-->A(intron 16), one of them being homozygous for the mutation. This is the first report of the 3120+ IG-->A mutation in Brazil. where it appears to be a frequent disease-associated molecular alteration in the CFTR gene. 相似文献
15.
Watanabe H MacKay CA Mason-Savas A Kislauskis EH Marks SC 《The International journal of developmental biology》2000,44(2):201-207
We have shown that in the osteopetrotic rat mutation toothless (tl) osteoblasts are absent from older bone surfaces in mutants and that mutant osteoblasts in vivo lack the prominent stress fiber bundles polarized along bone surfaces in osteoblasts from normal littermates. Our recent data demonstrate that in normal osteoblasts in vitro beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs have different, characteristic intracellular distributions and that tl (mutant) osteoblasts fail to differentially sort these mRNAs. Because bone resorption and formation are highly interdependent and injections of CSF-1, a growth factor, increase bone resorption and growth in tl rats, we examined the effects of CSF-1 treatment on osteoblast survival and ultrastructure in vivo and ability to sort actin mRNAs in vitro. Neonatal CSF-1 treatment of mutants restores osteoblasts on older bone surfaces, normalizes the intracellular distribution of stress fibers in osteoblasts in vivo and promotes normal sorting of beta-actin mRNA in mutant osteoblasts in vitro without normalizing gamma-actin distribution. These data suggest the beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs in osteoblasts are sorted by different mechanisms and that the differential sorting of beta-actin mRNA is related to the characteristic polarization of stress fibers in osteoblasts and their survival on bone surfaces. This experimental system can be used to explore the relationships and regulation of these aspects of cell and tissue biology. 相似文献
16.
Yang K Whalen BJ Tirabassi RS Selin LK Levchenko TS Torchilin VP Kislauskis EH Guberski DL 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2008,180(9):6159-6167
A variety of DNA vaccine prime and recombinant viral boost immunization strategies have been developed to enhance immune responses in humans, but inherent limitations to these strategies exist. There is still an overwhelming need to develop safe and effective approaches that raise broad humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses systemically and on mucosal surfaces. We have developed a novel mucosal immunization regimen that precludes the use of viral vectors yet induces potent T cell responses. Using hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg), we observed that vaccination of BALB/c mice with an i.m. HBsAg-DNA vaccine prime followed by an intranasal boost with HBsAg protein encapsulated in biologically inert liposomes enhanced humoral and T cell immune responses, particularly on mucosal surfaces. Intranasal live virus challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HBsAg revealed a correlation between T cell immune responses and protection of immunized mice. A shortened immunization protocol was developed that was successful in both adult and neonatal mice. These results support the conclusion that this new approach is capable of generating a Th-type-1-biased, broad spectrum immune response, specifically at mucosal surfaces. The success of this design may provide a safe and effective vaccination alternative for human use. 相似文献
17.
van Hamersveld EH van der Lans RG Caulet PJ Luyben KC 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》1998,57(3):330-341
Flocculation of yeast cells occurs during the fermentation of beer. Partway through the fermentation the cells become flocculent and start to form flocs. If the environmental conditions, such as medium composition and fluid velocities in the tank, are optimal, the flocs will grow in size large enough to settle. After settling of the main part of the yeast the green beer is left, containing only a small amount of yeast necessary for rest conversions during the next process step, the lagering. The physical process of flocculation is a dynamic equilibrium of floc formation and floc breakup resulting in a bimodal size distribution containing single cells and flocs. The floc size distribution and the single cell amount were measured under the different conditions that occur during full scale fermentation. Influences on flocculation such as floc strength, specific power input, and total number of yeast cells in suspension were studied. A flocculation model was developed, and the measured data used for validation. Yeast floc formation can be described with the collision theory assuming a constant collision efficiency. The breakup of flocs appears to occur mainly via two mechanisms, the splitting of flocs and the erosion of yeast cells from the floc surface. The splitting rate determines the average floc size and the erosion rate determines the number of single cells. Regarding the size of the flocs with respect to the scale of turbulence, only the viscous subrange needs to be considered. With the model, the floc size distribution and the number of single cells can be predicted at a certain point during the fermentation. For this, the bond strength between the cells, the fractal dimension of the yeast, the specific power input in the tank and the number of yeast cells that are in suspension in the tank have to be known. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
18.
In an isolated population of Drosophila melanogaster on Ishigaki Island the
chromosomal distribution of several retrotransposons, including copia, 412,
297, 17.6, I, and jockey elements, was examined by in situ hybridization.
In this population the cosmopolitan inversion, In(2L)t, is known to exist
in high frequency. One major haplotype concerning the occupied sites of the
transposable elements was identified in the In(2L)t-carrying chromosomes.
This haplotype is suggested to be the ancestral one. The age of the
inversion in this local population was estimated to be 1,400 generations.
The transposition rates of these elements were estimated based on the age
of the inversion and the number of the elements lost and gained. The
excision rates were in the range from 9.13 x 10(-5) to 2.25 x 10(-4) per
site per generation. They were similar each other in the copia-like
elements as well as in the LINE-like elements. The rate was higher in the
copia-like elements than in the LINE-like elements. Insertions occurred in
the range from 6.79 x 10(-4) to 9.05 x 10(-4) per element per generation.
It is herein shown that both insertions and excisions occurred at a
significantly higher rate in this population than in the laboratory.
相似文献
19.
Endogenous chloride channels of insect sf9 cells. Evidence for coordinated activity of small elementary channel units 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
EH Larsen SE Gabriei MJ Stutts J Fullton EM Price RC Boucher 《The Journal of general physiology》1996,107(6):695-714
The endogenous Cl- conductance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells was studied 20-35 h after plating out of either uninfected cells or cells infected by a baculovirus vector carrying the cloned beta-galactosidase gene (beta-Gal cells). With the cation Tris+ in the pipette and Na+ in the bath, the reversal potential of whole-cell currents was governed by the prevailing Cl- equilibrium potential and could be fitted by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation with similar permeabilities for uninfected and beta-Gal cells. In the frequency range 0.12 < f < 300 Hz, the power density spectrum of whole-cell Cl- currents could be fitted by three Lorentzians. Independent of membrane potential, >50% of the total variance of whole-cell current fluctuations was accounted for by the low frequency Lorentzian (fc = 0.40 +/- 0.03 Hz, n = 6). Single-Cl- channels showed complex gating kinetics with long lasting (seconds) openings interrupted by similar long closures. In the open state, channels exhibited fast burst-like closures. Since the patches normally contained more than a single channel, it was not possible to measure open and closed dwell-time distributions for comparing single-Cl- channel activity with the kinetic features of whole-cell currents. However, the power density spectrum of Cl- currents of cell-attached and excised outside-out patches contained both high and low frequency Lorentzian components, with the corner frequency of the slow component (fc = 0.40 +/- 0.02 Hz, n = 4) similar to that of whole-cell current fluctuations. Chloride channels exhibited multiple conductance states with similar Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz-type rectification. Single-channel permeabilities covered the range from approximately 0.6.10(-14) cm5/s to approximately 6.10(-14) cm3/s, corresponding to a limiting conductance (gamma 150/150) of approximately 3.5 pS and approximately 35 pS, respectively. All states reversed near the same membrane potential, and they exhibited similar halide ion selectivity, P1 > PCl approximately PBr. Accordingly, Cl- current amplitudes larger than current flow through the smallest channel unit resolved seem to result from simultaneous open/shut events of two or more channel units. 相似文献
20.
Yuker Wang Victoria EH Carlton George Karlin-Neumann Ronald Sapolsky Li Zhang Martin Moorhead Zhigang C Wang Andrea L Richardson Robert Warren Axel Walther Melissa Bondy Aysegul Sahin Ralf Krahe Musaffe Tuna Patricia A Thompson Paul T Spellman Joe W Gray Gordon B Mills Malek Faham 《BMC medical genomics》2009,2(1):1-13