放牧后羊草和芦苇叶组织转化的比较

运用组织转化理论与分析方法,对羊草与芦苇在放牧后的叶组织转化进行了比较研究。结果表明,整个生长季内,除5月份外,芦苇的绿叶数大于羊草,羊草的绿叶长大于芦苇;2种禾草的叶片发生率和伸长率均在生长初期最大,以后逐渐降低,萎蔫率正好相反;芦苇叶片寿命短,叶组织转化快、叶组织物质积累呈抛物线型增长,如果不及时利用,会造成资源的浪费,羊草叶片寿命较长,叶组织转化慢。可以通过不同的利用方式和时间来改善羊草草地的质量。     

Comparative clinical data for gingivitis treatment using gels from Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) and chlorhexidine (CHX)

Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) has various properties like anti bacterial, anti inflammatory, anti oxidant for curing diseases. It is a plant with known medicinal value in Indian system of medicine. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the effectiveness of Ocimum sanctum with Chlorhexidine (CHX) which is a standard material for the treatment of gingivitis. We used 30 gingivitis subjects divided into 2 groups. Group I used Tulsi gel (n= 15) and Group II used CHX gel (n = 15) for treatment. Tulsi and CHX gel use was advised for 1 month. The Clinical parameters assessed were gingival Index (GI), plaque Index (PI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) assessed at a time interval of 30 days. Statistical analysis was completed using the SPSS software 23.0. Data showed that GI and PD for Tulsi and CHX in pre and post groups are not significant with p > 0.05. Moreover, PI is not significant with p>0.05 among pre Tulsi, pre CHX and post CHX. However, data is significant with p<0.05 for Tulsi group. CAL is significant with p<0.05 among pre/post Tulsi groups. However, this is not significant with p>0.05 among pre/post CHX groups. Data shows that 2% of Tulsi is effective in reducing gingival bleeding and inflammation. Thus, clinical data shows that Tulsi gel is promising for the treatment of gingivitis.     

Evaluation of zona pellucida birefringence intensity during in vitro maturation of oocytes from stimulated cycles

Background  

This study evaluated whether there is a relationship between the zona pellucida birefringence (ZP-BF) intensity and the nuclear (NM) and cytoplasmic (CM) in vitro maturation of human oocytes from stimulated cycles.     

猪CFL2b 基因cDNA克隆初步分析

利用基因表达谱芯片分析法筛选出与大白猪高肌肉产量-肌纤维形成有关的CFL2b基因.参考人和小鼠CFL2b基因序列,采用SMART-RACE技术结合EST序列拼接技术,从猪骨骼肌肌肉中首次克隆了猪CFL2b的全长cDNA序列（GenBank登录号EU561660,EU561661）,Northern杂交检测CFL2b基因 mRNA.结果表明,猪CFL2b基因含有2个转录本,长转录本3　012 bp,短转录本1　466 bp .CFL2b基因在多种真核生物中都有表达,且编码区序列非常保守,开放式读码框501 bp编码了166个氨基酸的蛋白质.氨基酸序列分析表明,猪CFL2基因与人和小鼠氨基酸同源性分别为100%和99.1%.核苷酸序列相似性分别为88.1%和74.9%.     

烈香杜鹃的离体培养和高效植株再生

以烈香杜鹃嫩茎为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其最适合的嫩茎基部直接再生芽苗和生根培养基。结果表明,最适合烈香杜鹃嫩茎基部直接再生芽苗的诱导培养基为DR＋2．30mg·L-1 TDZ＋0．05mg·L-1 IAA＋1．80mg·L-1 KT,诱导率为99．6％;生根培养基为1／2DR＋0．07mg·L-1 IAA＋0．02mg·L-1NAA,生根率达99．7％以上。以再生植株茎节为材料进行快速繁殖,在35d的培养周期内,每段增殖倍数平均达5以上。     

Further evidence of the African antiquity of hyaenodontid (‘Creodonta’, Mammalia) evolution

We report here the new ‘creodont’ Lahimia selloumi gen. et sp. nov. from the late Palaeocene of the Ouled Abdoun Basin (Morocco) as the oldest known Hyaenodontidae with Tinerhodon from the Ouarzazate Basin (Morocco). By contrast to Tinerhodon, Lahimia is unexpectedly derived. Most of its specializations, such as the shortening of the anterior dentition (e.g. loss of P₁) and the talonid reduction and simplification, are strikingly shared with Boualitomus from the Ypresian of the Ouled Abdoun Basin, and are distinctive from other hyaenodontids, including ‘proviverrines’. They are interpreted as synapomorphies evidencing a precociously specialized early African hyaenodontid lineage. Although Lahimia and Boualitomus remain known only by the lower dentition, their relationships with Koholia are suggested by comparison of their molar occlusal pattern. Lahimia and Boualitomus are referred to the Koholiinae, which is representative of an old African endemic lineage, as initially recognized. This remarkable lineage is characterized by synapomorphies of Lahimia and Boualitomus, and also by a shared original prevallum/postvallid shearing. The discovery of Lahimia provides direct evidence for the antiquity of the African evolution of the Hyaenodontidae. This is in agreement with an African origin of the Hyaenodontidae, and with the probable diphyletism of the ‘Creodonta’. Lahimia and the Koholiinae, as well as the diversity of the first Laurasian hyaenodontid lineages, emphasize our poor knowledge of the striking early African hyaenodontid radiation.     

Genetic diversity and differentiation in natural and reintroduced populations of Bencomia exstipulata and comparisons with B. caudata (Rosaceae) in the Canary Islands: an analysis using microsatellites

Variation at five polymorphic microsatellite loci was used to investigate genetic diversity and differentiation of two tetraploid Canarian endemics, Bencomia exstipulata and B. caudata. Data were analysed and are discussed in terms of tetrasomic (autotetraploid) and disomic (allotetraploid) inheritance. In both cases, genetic diversity values were similar to those described in other tetraploid plant species. High genetic differentiation between the only two described natural populations of B. exstipulata was detected (F_ST = 0.411). Bayesian cluster analysis revealed a geographical structure with distinct genetic groups from each island. High genetic differentiation and low genetic diversity of the B. exstipulata population from Tenerife suggest a recent population bottleneck, perhaps caused by the most recent major volcanic eruption, for this natural locality. This may be heightened by possible inbreeding depression and the monoecy of these species. Polymorphic microsatellite loci were also tested across all species in the Bencomia alliance. These reliably amplified the target sequence, suggesting a high degree of conservation of the sequences flanking the microsatellites. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 160 , 429–441.     

应用稳定性同位素技术（δ13C、δ15N）研究长江中游干流主要鱼类的营养级

应用稳定性同位素技术（δ13C、δ15N）对2011年3月至2013年12月采自长江中游干流宜昌、荆州、石首、监利、城陵矶、鄂州、九江和湖口江段的44种鱼类及3种水生无脊椎动物进行了营养级研究。长江中游干流鱼类的δ13C值范围﹣33.83‰（鳙Aristichthys nobilis） ~ ﹣17.36‰（南方鲇Silurus meridionalis）,δ15N值范围4.83‰（泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）~ 15.13‰（翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus）。以梨形环棱螺（Bellamya purificata）的δ15N均值5.48‰作为营养级基准线（营养级 = 2）,计算出该江段水生动物的营养级处于2.42 ~ 4.88,主要集中在2.83 ~ 3.61之间,鱼类平均营养级为3.28。营养级大于2.83的鱼类种类数量占了总生物种数的80.85%。大刺鳅（Mastacembelus armatus）和长春鳊（Parabramis pekinensis）营养级最低,分别为2.42 ± 0.49和2.56 ± 0.52,营养层级大于4.0的高级消费者为太湖新银鱼（Neosalanx taihuensis）、短颌鲚（Coilia brachygnathus）、鳙和长蛇鮈（Saurogobio dumerili）,分别为4.88 ± 0.01、4.37 ± 0.27、4.32 ± 0.35和4.09 ± 0.78,小黄黝鱼（Micropercops swinhonis)、鱤（Elopichthys bambusa）、鱖（Siniperca chuatsi）、翘嘴鲌、青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus）和南方鲇的营养级分别3.99、3.92 ± 0.16、3.89 ± 0.27、3.87 ± 0.62、3.59 ± 0.69和3.59 ± 0.57。本研究旨为长江中游渔业资源评估及其合理利用提供基础科学资料,为进一步研究长江中游干流渔业资源营养结构的动态变化及受人为活动干扰影响等提供科学参考依据。     

汉滩病毒M、S基因不同拼接方式在昆虫细胞中融合表达效果比较

将汉滩病毒囊膜糖蛋白G1与核蛋白(NP)部分片段以不同方式拼 接,构建G1S0.7或S0.7G1嵌合基因,分别插入杆状病毒表达载体pFBD,转化DH10Bac致敏菌, 获得含有嵌合基因的重组穿梭质粒Bacmid,用其转染Sf9细胞,快速筛选出含有G1S0.7或S0.7 G1嵌合 基因的重组杆状病毒,在昆虫细胞中表达外源融合蛋白.利用间接免疫荧光、ELISA和免疫 印迹对表达产物进行检测.结果表明,含G1S0.7嵌合基因之重组杆状病毒可在昆虫细胞中表 达出融合蛋白,该蛋白可被抗汉滩病毒核蛋白及糖蛋白G1特异性单抗所识别,其分子量约97 kD;含S0.7G1嵌合基因之重组杆状病毒在昆虫细胞中表达的融合蛋白,只能被抗汉滩病毒核 蛋白特异性单抗所识别,其分子量约43kD.上述结果提示,G1S0.7嵌合基因可能在昆虫细胞 中表达出完整的具有生物学活性的融合蛋白,S0.7G1嵌和基因的昆虫细胞表达产物不完整 ,且生物学活性不如G1S0.7嵌合基因的表达产物.