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51.
Dong Soo Kim Yoon Kwon Nam Jae Koo Noh Chul Hong Park Frank A. Chapman 《Ichthyological Research》2005,52(1):94-97
The shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum was revealed to have a larger number of chromosomes than previously reported for other sturgeon species. Its chromosome number ranged from 362 to 372 (of ten specimens examined), showing intraindividual variation. The karyotype of metaphase with the highest chromosome number (372) consisted of 89 pairs of macrochromosomes and 97 pairs of microchromosomes (fundamental number; NF=550). Although the microchromosomes were relatively shorter than the macrochromosomes, most of them had discernible arms and centromeres. Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) were localized on the telomeric regions of 5 pairs of chromosomes (Ag-NORs=10): 4 were made up of small meta/submetacentrics and 1 of acrocentrics. Polyploidy of A. brevirostrum should be hexaploid based on the karyotype, numerous chromosomes, Ag-NORs, and previously reported large genome size (ca. 13pg DNA/cell).Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic format at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10228-004-0257-z 相似文献
52.
Temperature regulates tuber-inducing lipoxygenase-derived metabolites in potato (Solanum tuberosum) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nam KH Kong F Matsuura H Takahashi K Nabeta K Yoshihara T 《Journal of plant physiology》2008,165(2):233-238
Temperature is one of the major environmental factors affecting potato tuberization. It has been suggested that lipoxygenase (LOX) mediates between temperature and tuber induction. In this study, the contents of the LOX-derived metabolites hydroperoxylinolenic acid (HPOT), jasmonic acid (JA), tuberonic acid (TA) and tuberonic acid glucoside (TAG) were analyzed in leaves of potatoes growing at different temperatures. At low, tuber-inducing temperature, endogenous levels of JA, TA and TAG rise, indicating their crucial role in tuber induction. The concentration of 13(S)-HPOT seems not to be directly affected by temperature. Instead, the molecule has only a short half-life in leaves and is readily metabolized. 相似文献
53.
54.
Nam Jin Noh Yowhan Son Sue Kyoung Lee Tae Kyung Yoon Kyung Won Seo Choonsig Kim Woo-Kyun Lee Sang Won Bae Jaehong Hwang 《Journal of plant research》2010,123(4):411-419
We investigated the influence of stand density [938 tree ha−1 for high stand density (HD), 600 tree ha−1 for medium stand density (MD), and 375 tree ha−1 for low stand density (LD)] on soil CO2 efflux (R
S) in a 70-year-old natural Pinus densiflora S. et Z. forest in central Korea. Concurrent with R
S measurements, we measured litterfall, total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA), leaf area index (LAI), soil temperature
(ST), soil water content (SWC), and soil nitrogen (N) concentration over a 2-year period. The R
S (t C ha−1 year−1) and leaf litterfall (t C ha−1 year−1) values varied with stand density: 6.21 and 2.03 for HD, 7.45 and 2.37 for MD, and 6.96 and 2.23 for LD, respectively. In
addition, R
S was correlated with ST (R
2 = 0.77–0.80, P < 0.001) and SWC (R
2 = 0.31–0.35, P < 0.001). It appeared that stand density influenced R
S via changes in leaf litterfall, LAI and SWC. Leaf litterfall (R
2 = 0.71), TBCA (R
2 = 0.64–0.87), and total soil N contents in 2007 (R
2 = 0.94) explained a significant amount of the variance in R
S (P < 0.01). The current study showed that stand density is one of the key factors influencing R
S due to the changing biophysical and environmental factors in P. densiflora. 相似文献
55.
Structural determinants of tissue tropism and in vivo pathogenicity for the parvovirus minute virus of mice 下载免费PDF全文
Kontou M Govindasamy L Nam HJ Bryant N Llamas-Saiz AL Foces-Foces C Hernando E Rubio MP McKenna R Almendral JM Agbandje-McKenna M 《Journal of virology》2005,79(17):10931-10943
Two strains of the parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM), the immunosuppressive (MVMi) and the prototype (MVMp) strains, display disparate in vitro tropism and in vivo pathogenicity. We report the crystal structures of MVMp virus-like particles (MVMp(b)) and native wild-type (wt) empty capsids (MVMp(e)), determined and refined to 3.25 and 3.75 A resolution, respectively, and their comparison to the structure of MVMi, also refined to 3.5 A resolution in this study. A comparison of the MVMp(b) and MVMp(e) capsids showed their structures to be the same, providing structural verification that some heterologously expressed parvovirus capsids are indistinguishable from wt capsids produced in host cells. The structures of MVMi and MVMp capsids were almost identical, but local surface conformational differences clustered from symmetry-related capsid proteins at three specific domains: (i) the icosahedral fivefold axis, (ii) the "shoulder" of the protrusion at the icosahedral threefold axis, and (iii) the area surrounding the depression at the icosahedral twofold axis. The latter two domains contain important determinants of MVM in vitro tropism (residues 317 and 321) and forward mutation residues (residues 399, 460, 553, and 558) conferring fibrotropism on MVMi. Furthermore, these structural differences between the MVM strains colocalize with tropism and pathogenicity determinants mapped for other autonomous parvovirus capsids, highlighting the importance of common parvovirus capsid regions in the control of virus-host interactions. 相似文献
56.
57.
Eun-Jin Yang Jong-Gwan Kim Ji-Young Kim Seong Chul Kim Nam Ho Lee Chang-Gu Hyun 《Central European Journal of Biology》2010,5(1):95-102
We examined the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) with different molecular weights (COS-A, 10 kDa < MW < 20 kDa;
COS-C, 1 kDa < MW < 3 kDa) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide and on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages. COS-A
(0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) significantly inhibited PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated macrophages without cytotoxicity. The effect
of COS-A and COS-C on COX-2 expression in activated macrophages was also investigated by immunoblotting. The inhibition of
PGE2 by COS-A and COS-C can be attributed to the blocking of COX-2 protein expression. COS-A (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) also markedly
inhibited the LPS-induced NO production of RAW 264.7 cells by 50.2% and 44.1%, respectively. The inhibition of NO by COSs
was consistent with decreases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. To test the inhibitory effects
of COS-A and COS-C on other cytokines, we also performed ELISA assays for IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells,
but only a dose-dependent decrease in the IL-1β production exerted by COS-A was observed. In order to test for irritation
and the potential sensitization of COS-A and COS-C for use as cosmetic materials, human skin primary irritation tests were
performed on 32 volunteers; no adverse reactions of COSs usage were observed. Based on these results, we suggest that COS-A
and COS-C be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application. 相似文献
58.
Nayoung Kim Soo‐Heon Park Geom Seog Seo Sang Woo Lee Jae Woo Kim Kwang Jae Lee Won‐Chang Shin Tae Nyeun Kim Moo‐In Park Jong‐Jae Park Su Jin Hong Ki‐Nam Shim Sang Wook Kim Yong‐Woon Shin Young‐Woon Chang Hoon Jai Chun Ok‐Jae Lee Won‐Joong Jeon Chan‐Guk Park Chang‐Min Cho Cheol Hee Park Sun Young Won Gin Hyug Lee Kyung Sik Park Jeong Eun Shin Heung Up Kim Joon Yong Park Hiun Suk Chae Geun Am Song Jae Gyu Kim Byung Chul Yoon Sangyong Seol Hyun Chae Jung In‐Sik Chung 《Helicobacter》2008,13(6):542-549
Background and Aims: Lafutidine is a novel H2‐receptor antagonist with gastroprotective activity that includes enhancement of gastric mucosal blood flow. The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of 7‐ or 14‐day lafutidine–clarithromycin–amoxicillin therapy versus a lansoprazole‐based regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Methods: Four hundred and sixty‐three patients with H. pylori‐infected peptic ulcer disease were randomized to one of four regimens: (1) lafutidine (20 mg b.i.d.), clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d.) and amoxicillin (1000 mg b.i.d.) for 7 days (the 7LFT group) or (2) for 14 days (the 14LFT group); (3) lansoprazole (30 mg b.i.d.), clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d.), and amoxicillin (1000 mg b.i.d.) for 7 days (the 7LPZ group); or (4) for 14 days (the 14LPZ group). The eradication rates, drug compliance, and adverse effects among the four regimens were compared. Results: The eradication rates by the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses in the 7LFT and 7LPZ groups were 76.5% and 81.6%, and 76.9% and 82.0% (p = .94 and .95), respectively. The eradication rates by intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses in the 14LFT and 14LPZ groups were 78.2% and 82.2%, and 80.4% and 85.9% (p = .70 and .49), respectively. The treatment duration for 7 days or 14 days did not affect the eradication rates. In addition, the adverse effect rates and discontinuation rates were similar among the four groups. Furthermore, the ulcer cure rate and symptom response rate were similar in the lafutidine and lansoprazole groups. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that lafutidine–clarithromycin–amoxicillin therapy was a safe and effective as lansoprazole‐based triple therapy for the eradication rate of H. pylori, and could be considered as an additional treatment option. 相似文献
59.
Beart PM Lim ML Chen B Diwakarla S Mercer LD Cheung NS Nagley P 《Journal of neurochemistry》2007,103(6):2408-2427
Excitotoxicity mediated via the ( S )-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) subtype of receptor for l -glutamate contributes to various neuropathologies involving acute brain injury and chronic degenerative disorders. In this study, AMPA-induced neuronal injury and staurosporine (STS)-mediated apoptosis were compared in primary neuronal cultures of murine cerebral cortex by analyzing indices up- and downstream of mitochondrial activation. AMPA-mediated apoptosis involved induction of Bax, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm ), early release of cytochrome c (cyt c ), and more delayed release of second mitochondrial activator of caspases (SMAC), Omi, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) with early calpain and minor late activation of caspase 3. STS-induced apoptosis was characterized by a number of differences, a more rapid time course, non-involvement of ΔΨm , and relatively early recruitment of SMAC and caspase 3. The AMPA-induced rise in intracellular calcium appeared insufficient to evoke ΔΨm as release of cyt c preceded mitochondrial depolarization, which was followed by the cytosolic translocation of SMAC, Omi, and AIF. Bax translocation preceded cyt c release for both stimuli inferring its involvement in apoptotic induction. Inclusion of the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk reduced the AMPA-induced release of cyt c , SMAC, and AIF, while only affecting the redistribution of Omi and AIF in the STS-treated neurons. Only AIF release was affected by a calpain inhibitor (calpastatin) which exerted relatively minor effects on the progression of cellular injury. AMPA-mediated release of apoptogenic proteins was more hierarchical relative to STS with its calpain activation and caspase-dependent AIF redistribution arguing for a model with cross-talk between caspase-dependent/independent apoptosis. 相似文献
60.
Sun P Maloney KN Nam SJ Haste NM Raju R Aalbersberg W Jensen PR Nizet V Hensler ME Fenical W 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2011,19(22):6557-6562
Three new depsipeptides, fijimycins A-C (1-3), together with the known etamycin A (4), were isolated and identified from the fermentation broth of strain CNS-575, a Streptomyces sp. cultured from a marine sediment sample collected off Nasese, Fiji. The planar structures of the new fijimycins were assigned by combined interpretation of NMR and MS/MS spectroscopic data. These assignments were complicated by the fact that 1-3 occurred as complex amide conformational mixtures. The absolute configurations of the component amino acids were established using the Marfey's method. Fijimycins A-C, and etamycin A, were shown to possess significant in vitro antibacterial activity against three methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with MIC(100) values between 4 and 16 μg mL(-1). 相似文献