A unique macrophage subpopulation signals directly to progenitor cells to promote regenerative neurogenesis in the zebrafish spinal cord

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Screening for depression in primary care with two verbally asked questions: cross sectional study

Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy of two verbally asked questions for screening for depression.Design Cross sectional criterion standard validation study.Setting 15 general practices in New Zealand.Participants 421 consecutive patients not taking psychotropic drugs.Main outcome measures Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios of the two questions compared with the computerised composite international diagnostic interview.Results The two screening questions showed a sensitivity and specificity of 97% (95% confidence interval, 83% to 99%) and 67% (62% to 72%), respectively. The likelihood ratio for a positive test was 2.9 (2.5 to 3.4) and the likelihood ratio for a negative test was 0.05 (0.01 to 0.35). Overall, 37% (157/421) of the patients screened positive for depression.Conclusion Two verbally asked questions for screening for depression would detect most cases of depression in general practice. The questions have the advantage of brevity. As treatment is more likely when doctors make the diagnosis, these questions may have even greater utility.     

Nucleotide sequence of the 1.2-kb 3'-region and genotype distribution of two common c-myc alleles of the domestic cat

Nucleotide (nt) sequence analyses of the 1.2-kb BamHI-EcoRI cloned 3'-fragment encompassing the polymorphic SmaI restriction site of the feline c-myc gene reveal that the SmaI site, present in CM2 allele but absent from CM3 allele, is located in intron 2, 134 nt 5' of the exon 3. A G-to-C transversion in CM2 results in the creation of the SmaI site. Additionally, the alleles differ at four other nt positions in intron 2, three of these changes being in a region of the intron which exhibits 80% homology between the feline and human c-myc. The alleles also differ in two nt positions in exon 3 in the third position of the codon resulting, however, in no amino acid alteration. Genotype distribution analysis based on the SmaI polymorphism shows that CM2 homozygosity is rare and its frequency deviates significantly from the expected distribution patterns for independently segregating alleles.