Role and implications of nanodiagnostics in the changing trends of clinical diagnosis

Nanodiagnostics is the term used for the application of nanobiotechnology in molecular diagnosis, which is important for developing personalized cancer therapy. It is usually based on pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, and pharmacoproteomic information but also takes into consideration environmental factors that influence response to therapy. Nanotechnology in medicine involves applications of nanoparticles currently under development, as well as longer range research that involves the use of manufactured nano-robots to make repairs at the cellular level. Nanodiagnostic technologies are also being used to refine the discovery of biomarkers, as nanoparticles offer advantages of high volume/surface ratio and multifunctionality. Biomarkers are important basic components of personalized medicine and are applicable to the management of cancer as well. The field of nano diagnostics raises certain ethical concerns related with the testing of blood. With advances in diagnostic technologies, doctors will be able to give patients complete health checks quickly and routinely. If any medication is required this will be tailored specifically to the individual based on their genetic makeup, thus preventing unwanted side-effects.     

Design,synthesis and anticancer activity of novel pyrimidine and pyrimidine-thiadiazole hybrid glycosides

Abstract

New 1,3,4-thiadiazole thioglycosides linked to substituted pyrimidines were synthesized via glycosylation of 1,3,4-thiadiazole thiol compounds. Also, novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives linked to carbohydrate units were prepared using the standard click chemistry conditions employing the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition of substituted-aryl-azides with a selection of alkyne-functionalized sugars. The chemical structures of the new derivatives were verified using various spectroscopic techniques, such as IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and elemental analyses. The cytotoxic activities of the prepared compounds were investigated in vitro against human liver cancer (HepG-2) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell lines. In addition, the biological evaluation of the new compounds involved the investigation of their effects on a human normal retinal pigmented epithelial cell line (RPE1) using the MTT assay.