蕲蛇酶对动物实验性血栓的防栓和溶栓作用

采用大鼠颈动脉－颈外静脉回路循环形成的血小板性动脉血栓,用兔脑粉浸出液诱导的大鼠下腔静脉血栓以及用凝血酶诱导的兔耳缘静脉血栓,作为实验性动脉及静脉血栓模型,并分别用阿斯匹林和尿激酶作为阳性对照药,以观察蕲蛇酶对血栓形成的影响。不同剂量的蕲蛇酶（６００,３００和１５０μｇ／ｋｇｉｖ）能使大鼠动脉和静脉血栓形成减少,并呈量效关系。蕲蛇酶对家兔耳缘静脉血栓形成亦表现抑制作用并促进血栓消褪。３００和６００μｇ／ｋｇ对家兔已形成的动脉和静脉血栓,能促使消褪,提示蕲蛇酶亦有溶栓作用     

利用翅脉图像计测对卷蛾亚科(鳞翅目)鉴定的专家系统(英)

本研究分析了卷蛾亚科Torticinae(Lepidoptera)53个种前翅翅脉电脑录像,确立了一套利用翅脉图像计测来鉴定卷蛾种类的方法,并开发了一个对应的专家系统。这个方法首先测定卷蛾翅脉上的22个交点(vein point)的坐标,然后把这些坐标值做为鉴定的特征依据输入数据库。 当拿到要鉴定的标本时,先让电脑自动测定其各翅脉交点坐标,再求出它与数据库中的53个种的交点坐标的相异度(dissimilarity),最后在屏幕上显示出它与53个已知种的相异度名次,相异度越小,则说明彼此翅脉越相似,与要鉴定的标本是同种的可能性越大。模拟实验的结果,名列第一的准确率高达98.2％,名列第二、第三的准确率为1.8％。 为了保证100％的准确率,本系统还将这53个已知种的成虫形态图、雌雄外生殖器解剖图、以及形态文字描述、生活习性、分布、寄主等也输入本系统。这些资料可以随时提取、配合鉴定。这一专家系统不受语言和专业程度限制,既简单迅速又准确,不失为鉴定卷蛾种类的一个好的新方法。     

如何建立利用翅脉鉴定卷蛾种类的专家系统(英文)

作者已经报导了利用卷蛾翅脉作为种类鉴定的可行性。本文具体介绍用翅脉鉴定种类的专家系统里的三个关键性技术要点。它们是:在翅脉交点坐标系确立问题上,创立了“二中心法”;在翅脉图像输入时,发明了“模型对位法”;最后,在输出鉴定结果时,又提出了“类似度排序法”。     

一种中国发生的真菌传小麦花叶病毒RNA－13＇末端核苷酸序列分析

以采自河南的真菌传小麦花叶病毒（ＦＷＭＶ－Ｃ）为材料,抽提病毒ＲＮＡ,合成互补ＤＮＡ（ｃＤＮＡ）。对杂交筛选所得ｃＤＮＡ克隆进行亚克隆及序列分析,结果表明,亚克隆ｐＧＳＩ含有一个长度为８９１个核苷酸的不完整开放阅读框架（ＯＲＦ）和长度为２５８个核苷酸的３＇末端非编码区（ＮＴＲ）,并带有Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）尾序。此段序列与大麦黄花叶病毒（ＢａＹＭＶ）及法国报道的一种小麦梭条花叶病毒（ＷＳＳＭＶ－Ｆ）的ＲＮＡ－１３＇末端分别具有６７．６％和６９．９％的同源性。由所测序列编码区（１－８９１ｎｔ）可推导产生２９６个氢基酸,并与ＷＳＳＭＶ－Ｆ及ＢａＹＭＶ外壳蛋白氨基酸序列分别具有７５．９％和７１％的同源性。此结果表明,ＦＷＭＶ－Ｃ为另外一种不同于ＷＳＳＭＶ－Ｆ的大麦黄花叶病毒组（Ｂａｙｍｏｖｉｒｕｓ）病毒,所测基因组片段应为ＲＮＡ－１３＇末端序列,其中可能包括了病毒全长外壳蛋白编码区域。     

棉铃虫前胸腺的神经解剖研究(英文)

用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)前胸腺的形态、超微结构、神经分布及末龄幼虫和早期蛹前胸腺的超微结构变化作了观察和研究。前胸腺呈T形,每对由76—116个大小不同的腺细胞组成;在末龄腺体中发现一种直径约6μ的微腺细胞;在28C,光周期L:D=15:9条件下,前胸腺在化蛹后第三天完全消失,前胸腺布满大量的气管或微气管,并有三根神经分布。腺细胞质膜内陷形成细胞间隙系统(ICS):ICS的宽度和深度在末龄幼虫蜕皮甾类分泌达到峰值时增至最大。在第4天末龄幼虫的前胸腺中观察到大量的多泡囊体(MVS)及其残片、粗面内质网、线粒体基质的电子透性增至最大。最后,对第十天末龄幼虫前胸腺细胞间边的冷冻复型膜进行了观察。前胸腺结构的变化与其分泌状态密切相关。     

A soybean 101-kD heat shock protein complements a yeast HSP104 deletion mutant in acquiring thermotolerance.

A cDNA clone encoding a 101-kD heat shock protein (HSP101) of soybean was isolated and sequenced. Genomic DNA gel blot analysis indicated that the corresponding gene is a member of a multigene family. The mRNA for HSP101 was not detected in 2-day-old etiolated soybean seedlings grown at 28 degrees C but was induced by elevated temperatures. DNA sequence comparison has shown that the corresponding gene belongs to the Clp (caseinolytic protease) (or Hsp100) gene family, which is evolutionarily conserved and found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. On the basis of the spacer length between the two conserved ATP binding regions, this gene has been identified as a member of the ClpB subfamily. Unlike other Clp genes previously isolated from higher plants, the expression of this soybean Hsp101 gene is heat inducible, and it does not have an N-terminal signal peptide for targeting to chloroplasts. Transformation of the soybean Hsp101 gene into a yeast HSP104 deletion mutant complemented restoration of acquired thermotolerance, a process in which cells survive an otherwise lethal heat stress after they are given a permissive heat treatment.     

Phylogenetic relationships in the Neotropical bruchid genus Acanthoscelides (Bruchinae, Bruchidae, Coleoptera)

Adaptation to host-plant defences through key innovations is a driving force of evolution in phytophagous insects. Species of the neotropical bruchid genus Acanthoscelides Schilsky are known to be associated with specific host plants. The speciation processes involved in such specialization pattern that have produced these specific associations may reflect radiations linked to particular kinds of host plants. By studying host-plant associations in closely related bruchid species, we have shown that adaptation to a particular host-plant (e.g. with a certain type of secondary compounds) could generally lead to a radiation of bruchid species at the level of terminal branches. However, in some cases of recent host shifts, there is no congruence between genetic proximity of bruchid species, and taxonomic similarity of host plants. At deeper branches in the phylogeny, vicariance or long-distance colonization events seem to be responsible for genetic divergence between well-marked clades rather than adaptation to host plants. Our study also suggests that the few species of Acanthoscelides described from the Old World, as well as Neotropical species feeding on Mimosoideae, are misclassified, and are more closely related to the sister genus Bruchidius .     

The effect of ethylenediaminetetra-acetate on Pseudomonas alcaligenes and the composition of the bacterial cell wall

1. EDTA in borate buffer has a marked bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas alcaligenes, which is more sensitive than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bactericidal effect is accompanied by solubilization of lipopolysaccharide and release of intracellular solutes. These effects are more pronounced at pH9.2 than 7.1. 2. Cell walls of P. alcaligenes were prepared and from them were obtained the readily extracted lipids and the fractions given by treatment with aqueous phenol. 3. The cell walls and the above components were analysed and results are compared with those for P. aeruginosa. 4. Lipopolysaccharide obtained by treatment of cell walls with aqueous phenol is contaminated with glycosaminopeptide to a variable extent. 5. The lipopolysaccharide contains less neutral sugar but more phosphorus than the lipopolysaccharide of P. aeruginosa; fucosamine is not a component of the lipopolysaccharide of P. alcaligenes.     

Inhibition of RNA Synthesis and Auxin-Induced Cell Wall Extensibility and Growth by Actinomycin D

A linear stress strain analyzer was used to determine the effects of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis on auxin-induced increases in cell wall extensibility. With etiolated soybean hypocotyl, maize mesocotyl and Avena coleoptile sections and light-grown pea internode sections, inhibition of RNA synthesis resulted in inhibition of auxin-induced extensibility changes and cell expansion. The results with both actinomycin D and cycloheximide support an earlier conclusion that unstable cell constituents, presumably enzymes, are essential for cell wall loosening induced by auxin as well as for cell elongation.