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51.
Russell L Legg Jessica R Tolman Cameron T Lovinger Edwin D Lephart Kenneth DR Setchell Merrill J Christensen 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2008,6(1):57
Background
High dietary intake of selenium or soybean isoflavones reduces prostate cancer risk. These components each affect androgen-regulated gene expression. The objective of this work was to determine the combined effects of selenium and isoflavones on androgen-regulated gene expression in rat prostate. 相似文献52.
Hasmik Keshishian E Robert McDonald III Filip Mundt Randy Melanson Karsten Krug Dale A Porter Luke Wallace Dominique Forestier Bokang Rabasha Sara E Marlow Judit JaneValbuena Ellen Todres Harrison Specht Margaret Lea Robinson Pierre M Jean Beltran Ozgun Babur Meagan E Olive Javad Golji Eric Kuhn Michael Burgess Melanie A MacMullan Tomas Rejtar Karen Wang DR Mani Shankha Satpathy Michael A Gillette William R Sellers Steven A Carr 《Molecular systems biology》2021,17(9)
Reliable methods to quantify dynamic signaling changes across diverse pathways are needed to better understand the effects of disease and drug treatment in cells and tissues but are presently lacking. Here, we present SigPath, a targeted mass spectrometry (MS) assay that measures 284 phosphosites in 200 phosphoproteins of biological interest. SigPath probes a broad swath of signaling biology with high throughput and quantitative precision. We applied the assay to investigate changes in phospho‐signaling in drug‐treated cancer cell lines, breast cancer preclinical models, and human medulloblastoma tumors. In addition to validating previous findings, SigPath detected and quantified a large number of differentially regulated phosphosites newly associated with disease models and human tumors at baseline or with drug perturbation. Our results highlight the potential of SigPath to monitor phosphoproteomic signaling events and to nominate mechanistic hypotheses regarding oncogenesis, response, and resistance to therapy. 相似文献
53.
Lihong?BuEmail author Kenneth?DR?Setchell Edwin?D?Lephart 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2005,3(1):58
Background
Isoflavones, the most abundant phytoestrogens in soy foods, are structurally similar to 17beta-estradiol. Few studies have examined the nociception and stress hormone responses after consumption of soy isoflavones. 相似文献54.
The flukes are the primary locomotor structure in cetaceans, which produce hydrodynamic thrust as the caudal vertebrae are oscillated dorso-ventrally. Effective thrust generation is a function of the kinematics of the flukes, the angle of attack between the flukes and the incident water flow, and the shape of the flukes. We investigated the effect of bending within the caudal region of odontocete cetaceans to determine how changes in angular displacement between caudal vertebrae could effect passive shape change of the flukes. The internal and external changes of bent flukes were examined with computer tomography. Flukes and tailstock were removed from deceased Delphinus delphis, Lagenorhynchus acutus, Peponocephala electra, Phocoena phocoena and Tursiops truncatus, and bent on an adjustable support at 0, 45 and 90 degrees . At 0 degrees , cross-sections of the flukes displayed a symmetrical profile. Cross-sections of bent flukes (45 degrees , 90 degrees ) were asymmetrical and showed a cambered profile. Maximum cambering occurred close to the tailstock and decreased toward the fluke tip. Maximum angular displacement occurred at the 'ball vertebra', which was located posterior of the anterior insertion of the flukes on the tailstock. Bending at the 'ball vertebra' passively cambers the flexible flukes. Cambering could increase hydrodynamic force production during swimming, particularly during direction reversal in the oscillatory cycle. 相似文献
55.
The laterophysic connection (LC) is an association between bilaterally paired, anterior swim bladder extensions (horns) and medial openings in the supracleithral lateral line canals that diagnoses butterflyfishes in the genus Chaetodon. It has been hypothesized that the LC makes the lateral line system sensitive to sound pressure stimuli that are transmitted by the swim bladder horns and converted to fluid flow into the lateral line system via a laterophysic tympanum. The purpose of this study was to define variation in the morphology of the LC, swim bladder and swim bladder horns among 41 Chaetodon species from all 11 Chaetodon subgenera and a species from each of four non-Chaetodon genera using gross dissection, histological analysis as well as 2D or 3D CT (computed tomographic) imaging of live, anesthetized fishes. Our results demonstrate that the lateral line system appears rather unspecialized with well-ossified narrow canals in all species examined. Two LC types (direct and indirect), defined by whether or not the paired anterior swim bladder horns are in direct contact with a medial opening in the supracleithral lateral line canal, are found among species examined. Two variants on a direct LC and four variants of an indirect LC are defined by combinations of soft tissue anatomy (horn length [long/short] and width [wide/narrow], number of swim bladder chambers [one/two], and presence/absence of mucoid connective tissue in the medial opening in the supracleithrum). The combination of features defining each LC variant is predicted to have functional consequences for the bioacoustics of the system. These findings are consistent with the recent discovery that Chaetodon produce sounds during social interactions. The data presented here provide the comparative morphological context for the functional analysis of this novel swim bladder-lateral line connection. 相似文献
56.
DR Suresh Vamseedhar Annam K Pratibha BV Maruti Prasad 《Journal of biomedical science》2009,16(1):61-4
Background
Oxidative stress induced by the production of reactive oxygen species may play a critical role in the stimulation of HIV replication and the development of immunodeficiency. This study was conducted as there are limited and inconclusive studies on the significance of a novel early marker of oxidative stress which can reflect the total antioxidant capacity in HIV patients, 相似文献57.
Thirty-four cytochrome P-450 sequences from one bacterial and six
vertebrate species have been aligned with the aid of a computer alignment
algorithm. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the
unweighted-pair-group and neighbor-joining methods. The two trees differed
at only a single branch point near the base of the tree. The cytochrome
P-450 superfamily of proteins clustered into eight families and contained
16 gene-duplication events. The first gene duplication occurred
approximately 1,360 Myr before the present (Mybp) and gave rise to
cytochrome P-450s found in two different cellular organelles, the
mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Both groups utilize cholesterol
or its metabolites as substrates, implying that cholesterol existed greater
than 1,360 Mybp. The fourth gene duplication (approximately 900 Mybp) gave
rise to the drug-metabolizing P-450s. These proteins aid in the
detoxification of foreign chemicals, as opposed to the metabolism of
endogenous compounds. The importance of the capacity to metabolize drugs is
reflected in 11 further gene duplications occurring in this lineage. The
first occurred approximately 800 Mybp and gave rise to the two major P-450
families, the phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene families. An apparent
increase in the rate of cytochrome P-450 evolution is noted between the
bird-mammal divergence (300 Mybp) and the mammalian radiation (75 Mybp).
相似文献
58.
59.
Computerized tomography of the otic capsule and otoliths in the oyster toadfish,Opsanus tau 下载免费PDF全文
Peggy L. Edds‐Walton Julie Arruda Richard R. Fay Darlene R. Ketten 《Journal of morphology》2015,276(2):228-240
The neurocranium of the toadfish (Opsanus tau) exhibits a distinct translucent region in the otic capsule (OC) that may have functional significance for the auditory pathway. This study used ultrahigh resolution computerized tomography (100 µm voxels) to compare the relative density of three sites along the OC (dorsolateral, midlateral, and ventromedial) and two reference sites (dorsal: supraoccipital crest; ventral: parasphenoid bone) in the neurocranium. Higher attenuation occurs where structural density is greater; thus, we compared the X‐ray attenuations measured, which provided a measure of relative density. The maximum attenuation value was recorded for each of the five sites (x and y) on consecutive sections throughout the OC and for each of the three calcareous otoliths associated with the sensory maculae (lagena, saccule, and utricle) in the OC. All three otoliths had higher attenuations than any sites in the neurocranium. Both dorsal and ventral reference sites (supraoccipital crest and parasphenoid bone, respectively) had attenuation levels consistent with calcified bone and had relatively small, irregular variations along the length of the OC in all individuals. The lowest relative attenuations (lowest densities) occurred consistently at the three sites along the OC. In addition, the lowest attenuations measured along the OC occurred at the ventromedial site around the saccular otolith for all seven fish. The decrease in bone density along the OC is consistent with the hypothesis that there is a low‐density channel in the skull to facilitate transmission of acoustic stimuli to the auditory endorgans of the ear. J. Morphol. 276:228–240, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
60.