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91.
92.
Recombinant adenovirus is one of the primary vectors for human gene therapy. However, the aggregation of unstable virus has
been a recurring problem during the production of purified virus for human therapeutics. To facilitate the development of
a robust manufacturing process for recombinant adenovirus vectors, a convenient and reliable size distribution analytical
assay is necessary and we demonstrate here that disc centrifuge sedimentation is applicable to this purpose. Using the disc
centrifuge system and the line start method, the assay can provide particle size distribution of adenovirus samples within
30 min. The assay can detect virus concentrations down to 0.01% (w/v) or 3 × 1011 particles per ml. The apparent hydrodynamic diameter of recombinant adenovirus was determined to be about 0.063 μm. Furthermore,
the disc centrifuge analysis was able to detect adenovirus dimers, trimers, and tetramers, consistent with a rigid sphere
approximation for adenovirus, as well as a large aggregate of 0.35 μm. The appearance of viral aggregates is confirmed by
increased light scattering based on A320/A260 ratios. The technique could be useful for monitoring the kinetics of aggregation for adenovirus and other DNA and RNA viruses
in the submicron region. Therefore, this novel assay provides a critical tool for purification development of viral vectors
for meeting therapeutic and research needs.
Received 18 September 1997/ Accepted in revised form 15 May 1998 相似文献
93.
Proliferation of direct repeats near the Oenothera chloroplast DNA origin of replication 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spacer between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of the chloroplast DNA has
been implicated as an origin of replication in several species of plants.
In the evening primrose, Oenothera, this site was found to vary greatly in
size, with plastid genomes (plastomes) being readily distinguished. To
determine whether plastome "strength" in transmission could be correlated
with variation at oriB, the 16S rRNA-trnI spacer was sequenced from five
plastomes. The size variation was found to be due to differential
amplification (and deletion) of combinations of sequences belonging to
seven families of direct repeats. From these comparisons, one short series
of direct repeats and one region capable of forming a hairpin structure
were identified as candidates for the factor that could be responsible for
the differences between strong and weak plastome types. Ample sequence
variation allowed phylogenetic inferences to be made about the
relationships among the plastomes. Phylogenetic trees also could be
constructed for most of the families of direct repeats. The amplifications
and deletions of repeats that account for the size variation at oriB are
proposed to have occurred through extensive replication slippage at this
site.
相似文献
94.
Seegmiller A; Williams KR; Hammersmith RL; Doak TG; Witherspoon D; Messick T; Storjohann LL; Herrick G 《Molecular biology and evolution》1996,13(10):1351-1362
Internal eliminated sequences (IESs) often interrupt ciliate genes in the
silent germline nucleus but are exactly excised and eliminated from the
developing somatic nucleus from which genes are then expressed. Some long
IESs are transposons, supporting the hypothesis that short IESs are ancient
transposon relics. In light of that hypothesis and to explore the
evolutionary history of a collection of IESs, we have compared various
alleles of a particular locus (the 81 locus) of the ciliated protozoa
Oxytricha trifallax and O. fallax. Three short IESs that interrupt two
genes of the locus are found in alleles from both species, and thus must be
relatively ancient, consistent with the hypothesis that short IESs are
transposon relics. In contrast, TBE1 transposon interruptions of the locus
are allele-specific and probably the results of recent transpositions.
These IESs (and the TBE1s) are precisely excised from the DNA of the
developing somatic macronucleus. Each IES interrupts a highly conserved
sequence. A few nucleotides at the ends of each IES are also conserved,
suggesting that they interact critically with IES excision machinery.
However, most IES nucleotide positions have evolved at high rates, showing
little or no selective constraint for function. Nonetheless, the length of
each IES has been maintained (+/- 3 bp). While one IES is approximately 33
bp long, three other IESs have very similar sizes, approximately 70 bp
long. Two IESs are surrounded by direct repeats of the sequence TTCTT. No
other sequence similarities were found between any of the four IESs.
However, the ends of one IES do match the inverted terminal repeat
consensus sequence of the "TA" IESs of Paramecium. Three O. trifallax
alleles appear to have been recipients in recent conversion events that
could have been provoked by double-strand breaks associated with IES ends
subsequent to IES transposition. Our findings support the hypothesis that
short IESs evolved from ancient transposons that have lost most of their
sequences, except those necessary for precise excision during macronuclear
development.
相似文献
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100.
Astorga and Williams1 have demonstrated that leucocytes from some patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an impaired one-way mixed leucocyte reaction2 (MLR) when stimulated with leucocytes from other such patients. No definite explanation of this phenomenon is given. We have investigated other diseases in which auto-immune aetiology is suspected to see whether similar phenomena are associated with them. Here we report our investigations of multiple sclerosis (MS). 相似文献