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981.
In the bacterial decoding system, the AUA codon is deciphered as isoleucine by tRNAIle bearing lysidine (L, 2-lysyl-cytidine) at the wobble position. Lysidine is an essential modification that determines both the codon and amino acid specificities of tRNAIle. We identified an enzyme named tRNAIle lysidine synthetase (TilS) that catalyzes lysidine formation by using lysine and ATP as substrates. Biochemical studies revealed a molecular mechanism of lysidine formation that consists of two consecutive reactions involving the adenylated tRNA intermediate. In addition, we deciphered how Escherichia coli TilS specifically discriminates between tRNAIle and the structurally similar tRNAMet, which bears the same anticodon loop. Recent structural studies unveiled tRNA recognition by TilS, and a molecular basis of lysidine formation at atomic resolution. 相似文献
982.
983.
Hiroaki Kimura Claudia Lee Katsuhiro Hayashi Kensuke Yamauchi Norio Yamamoto Hiroyuki Tsuchiya Katsuro Tomita Michael Bouvet Robert M. Hoffman 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2010,110(6):1439-1446
We investigated the cell‐killing efficacy of UV light on cancer cells expressing GFP in the nucleus and RFP in the cytoplasm (dual‐color cells). After exposure to various doses of UVA, UVB, or UVC, apoptotic and viable cells were quantitated under fluorescence microscopy using dual‐color 143B human osteosarcoma cells, HT‐1080 human fibrosarcoma cells, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), and XPA‐1 human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. UV‐induced cancer cell death was wave‐length and dose dependent, as well as cell‐line dependent. After UVA exposure, most cells were viable even when the UV dose was increased up to 200 J/m2. With UVB irradiation, cell death was observed with irradiation at 50 J/m2. For UVC, as little as 25 J/m2 UVC irradiation killed approximately 70% of the 143B dual‐color cells. This dose of UVB or UVA had almost no effect on the cancer cells. UV‐induced cancer cell death varied among the cell lines. Cell death began about 4 h after irradiation and continued until 10 h after irradiation. UVC exposure also suppressed cancer cell growth in nude mice in a model of minimal residual cancer (MRC). No apparent side effects of UVC exposure were observed. This study opens up the possibility of UVC treatment for MRC after surgical resection. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1439–1446, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
984.
Kusumi Kensuke Hirotsuka Shoko Shimada Hiroshi Chono Yoko Matsuda Osamu Iba Koh 《Journal of plant research》2010,123(4):617-622
Chloroplast biogenesis is most significant during the changes in cellular organization associated with leaf development in
higher plants. To examine the physiological relationship between developing chloroplasts and host leaf cells during early
leaf development, we investigated changes in the carbon and nitrogen contents in leaves at the P4 developmental stage of rice,
during which leaf blade structure is established and early events of chloroplast differentiation occur. During the P4 stage,
carbon content on a dry mass basis remained constant, whereas the nitrogen content decreased by 30%. Among carbohydrates,
sucrose and starch accumulated to high levels early in the P4 stage, and glucose, fructose and cellulose degradation increased
during the mid-to-late P4 stage. In the chloroplast-deficient leaves of the virescent-1 mutant of rice, however, the carbon and nitrogen contents, as well as the C/N ratio during the P4 stage, were largely unaffected.
These observations suggest that developing rice leaves function as sink organs at the P4 stage, and that chloroplast biogenesis
and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the leaf cell is regulated independently at this stage. 相似文献
985.
Hitoshi Hiura Atsushi Sugawara Hidehiko Ogawa Rosalind M. John Naoko Miyauchi Yusuke Miyanari Tokumasa Horiike Yufeng Li Nobuo Yaegashi Hiroyuki Sasaki Tomohiro Kono Takahiro Arima 《Nucleic acids research》2010,38(15):4929-4945
The parent-of-origin specific expression of imprinted genes relies on DNA methylation of CpG-dinucleotides at differentially methylated regions (DMRs) during gametogenesis. To date, four paternally methylated DMRs have been identified in screens based on conventional approaches. These DMRs are linked to the imprinted genes H19, Gtl2 (IG-DMR), Rasgrf1 and, most recently, Zdbf2 which encodes zinc finger, DBF-type containing 2. In this study, we applied a novel methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation-on-chip (meDIP-on-chip) method to genomic DNA from mouse parthenogenetic- and androgenetic-derived stem cells and sperm and identified 458 putative DMRs. This included the majority of known DMRs. We further characterized the paternally methylated Zdbf2/ZDBF2 DMR. In mice, this extensive germ line DMR spanned 16 kb and possessed an unusual tripartite structure. Methylation was dependent on DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a), similar to H19 DMR and IG-DMR. In both humans and mice, the adjacent gene, Gpr1/GPR1, which encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor 1 protein with transmembrane domain, was also imprinted and paternally expressed. The Gpr1-Zdbf2 domain was most similar to the Rasgrf1 domain as both DNA methylation and the actively expressed allele were in cis on the paternal chromosome. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of meDIP-on-chip as a technique for identifying DMRs. 相似文献
986.
987.
988.
Time-dependent expression of renal vaso-regulatory molecules in LPS-induced endotoxemia in rat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yamaguchi N Jesmin S Zaedi S Shimojo N Maeda S Gando S Koyama A Miyauchi T 《Peptides》2006,27(9):2258-2270
To elucidate roles of microvascular factors in the pathogenesis of renal complications during endotoxemia, that is characterized by renal vasoconstriction and systemic hypotension/generalized non-renal vasodilation, we profile the expression pattern and time-course of three key vaso-regulators, namely endothelin (ET)-1, nitric oxide (NO), and angiotensin II (Ang II). We hypothesize that disruption of the overall balance between vasodilatation and vasoconstriction in the kidney, during the early phase of sepsis, contribute to its (kidney) predisposition to acute renal failure. Adult male Wistar rats were rendered endotoxemic at different time points (1, 3, 6 and 10 h) by a single i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (15 mg/kg) dissolved in saline. Control group was injected vehicle only (saline). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased at different time points after LPS administration. Surprisingly, renal histopathological evaluation showed no remarkable changes in LPS-induced endotoxemia. However, overall, levels of the vaso-regulators and, where applicable, their respective receptors were upregulated: (1) plasma ET-1 increased 25-fold and peaked, as renal ET-1 mRNA, at 3 h; renal ET-1 protein and its receptors, ET type A (ET(A)) receptor (vasoconstrictive) and ET type B (ET(B)) receptor (vasodilatatory) increased in a time-dependent fashion, (2) Ang II increased by 53% compared to control, peaking at 6 h. However, while levels of Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor increased over time after LPS injection, those of Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptor were downregulated, (3) data of NO system (NO-NOS), the key vasodilator, were the most intriguing. Whereas levels of renal NO increased time-dependently following LPS administration, with a 2240-fold increase in renal iNOS expression, levels of eNOS, were almost unchanged. In conclusion, the present study overall reveals intriguing and complex dynamics between levels of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators during the early phase of LPS-induced endotoxemia. These shifts in molecular expressions are likely triggered by compensatory mechanisms aimed at counteracting the undesirable and dominant effects of one group of vaso-regulatory moiety over the other. 相似文献
989.
Okamoto T Nishimura Y Ichimura T Suzuki K Miyamura T Suzuki T Moriishi K Matsuura Y 《The EMBO journal》2006,25(20):5015-5025
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is a component of viral replicase and is well known to modulate the functions of several host proteins. Here, we show that NS5A specifically interacts with FKBP8, a member of the FK506-binding protein family, but not with other homologous immunophilins. Three sets of tetratricopeptide repeats in FKBP8 are responsible for interactions with NS5A. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of FKBP8 in a human hepatoma cell line harboring an HCV RNA replicon suppressed HCV RNA replication, and this reduction was reversed by the expression of an siRNA-resistant FKBP8 mutant. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that FKBP8 forms a complex with Hsp90 and NS5A. Treatment of HCV replicon cells with geldanamycin, an inhibitor of Hsp90, suppressed RNA replication in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the complex consisting of NS5A, FKBP8, and Hsp90 plays an important role in HCV RNA replication. 相似文献
990.
An adaptive response induced by long-term low-dose-rate irradiation in mice was evaluated in terms of the amount of DNA damage in the spleen analyzed by a comet assay. C57BL/ 6N female mice were irradiated with 0.5 Gy of (137)Cs gamma rays at 1.2 mGy/h; thereafter, a challenge dose (0.4, 0.8 or 1.6 Gy) at a high dose rate was given. Less DNA damage was observed in the spleen cells of preirradiated mice than in those of mice that received the challenge dose only; an adaptive response in terms of DNA damage was induced by long-term low-dose-rate irradiation in mice. The gene expression of catalase and Mn-SOD was significantly increased in the spleen after 23 days of the low-dose-rate radiation (0.5 Gy). In addition, the enzymatic activity of catalase corresponded to the gene expression level; the increase in the activity was observed at day 23 (0.5 Gy). These results suggested that an enhancement of the antioxidative capacities played an important role in the reduction of initial DNA damage by low-dose-rate radiation. 相似文献