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41.
Haustoria of Cuscuta japonica, a Holoparasitic Flowering Plant, Are Induced by the Cooperative Effects of Far-Red Light and Tactile Stimuli 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
When seedlings of Cuscuta japonica were grown with Vigna radiata(the host plant) in a flower pot for 6 d under white light andthen irradiated with far-red or blue light (ca. 6 µmolphotons m2 s1), the seedlings parasitized V. radiata.However, no parasitism of the seedlings was observed under redor white light or in darkness. The parasitic behavior of seedlingsof C. japonica was observed even if an acrylic rod was usedas a substitute for the host plant. Upon incubation under far-redlight, the seedling twined tightly around the rod and developedhaustoria towards it. Haustoria also developed when apical andsubapical regions of seedlings were held between two glass platesthat were about 0.7 mm apart and were irradiated with far-redlight. However, no haustoria were induced by either the holdor irradiation alone. These results indicate that parasitismof Cuscuta japonica is controlled by the cooperative effectsof two physical signals, far-red light and appropriate tactilepressure. Our findings suggest that parasitism by the genusCuscuta involves a novel strategy. (Received April 10, 1996; Accepted August 21, 1996) 相似文献
42.
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (EC 1.4.1.3
[EC]
.) purified from greentobacco callus mitochondria was activated markedly by Ca2$ inthe amination reaction. This activation was detectable evenat concentrations below 5 µM Ca2$. Saturation curves for the three substrates of the aminationreaction showed normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics in the presenceof 1 mM of Ca2$, but pronounced substrate inhibition occurredwithout Ca2$. The effect of Ca2$ was chiefly on the maximalvelocity. The saturation curve for NH4Cl in the presence of Ca2$ was modulatedby a change in pH. The apparent Km value for NH4Cl markedlydecreased whereas that for -ketoglutarate increased slightlywhen the pH was raised from 7.3 to 9.0. In contrast, the Kmfor NADH was little affected by raising the pH. The characteristicof GDH which increases its affinity for NH4Cl when the pH israised may be compatible with the detoxification of ammonia.
1 Present address: Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Received August 24, 1981; Accepted November 28, 1981) 相似文献
43.
Glutamate dehydrogenase [L-glutamate : NAD(P) oxidoreductase(deaminating) EC 1.4.1.3
[EC]
.] has been purified from the mitochondrialfraction of green tobacco callus tissue. The enzyme was stableat 20?C for several months. The pH optimum for the aminationreaction was 7.8. But the optimum for the deamination reactionwas indistinct because it was in an extremely alkaline domain.Relative activities of the enzyme for amination were 50 withNADH and 10 with NADPH, and those for deamination were 5 withNAD and 1 with NADP at pH 7.9. The enzyme was inactivated by EDTA, but its activity partiallyrestored by the addition of divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mn2+,Zn2+, Cu2+ and Mg2+. Ca2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ activated the reductiveamination 141, 122 and 39% respectively, but these divalentcations scarcely affected the oxidative deamination. Citrate and fumarate acted as inhibitors for reductive amination,and oxaloacetate for oxidative deamination of the enzyme reaction.These inhibitions were counteracted by the addition of Ca2+.ATP and ADP exerted an inhibitory effect on both directionsof the enzyme reaction. The inhibitory effect was hardly preventedby the addition of AMP. Ca2+ caused considerable recovery fromthe inhibition of ATP and ADP. Amino acids scarcely affectedthe enzyme activity. Michaelis constants were 0.28 mM for NAD, 0.065 mM for NADH,2.19 mM for a-ketoglutarate, 43.6 mM for ammonium chloride and4.24 mM for L-glutamate.
1To whom requests for reprints should be addressed. (Received June 25, 1980; ) 相似文献
44.
Tek Chand Bhalla Akira Miura Akiko Wakamoto Yoichi Ohba Keizo Furuhashi 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1992,37(2):184-190
Summary
Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA-34 isolated from soil as a propionitrile-utilizing microorganism, hydrolysed several -aminonitriles to optically active amino acids. The hydrolysis of -aminonitriles was found to be catalysed by a nitrilase. The characteristics of the purified enzyme revealed that this is a new nitrilase as it has a molecular mass of 45 kDa and acts as a monomer. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of the purified enzyme were 7.5 and 35° C, respectively. Thiol-specific reagents caused inhibition whereas chelators did not significantly alter the activity of this enzyme. The amino acids produced were of L-form, except for alanine. In the case of leucine production from -aminoisocapronitrile, the enantiomeric ratio of L-leucine to D-leucine was about 60. 相似文献
45.
Respiratory activity of green tobacco callus tissue from thepith of Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun was influenced by light.Interruption in the light period resulted in a decrease in respiratoryactivity after a lag period of about 2 hr. The respiration levelincreased on re-illumination and was restored to its originallevel after 23 hr. The light effect that increased respiratory activity was enhancedby sugar in the medium and by increasing the light intensity.However, the response to light was not affected by an inhibitorof photorespiration and was suppressed completely by an inhibitorof photosynthesis. (Received August 9, 1978; ) 相似文献
46.
Adachi Hitoshi; Aso Masanori; Saito Hiroyoshi; Furuhashi Katsuhisa 《Plant & cell physiology》1992,33(2):165-170
A line of S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine-resistant adenine-auxotrophiccells (AdAECr strain) was isolated from adenine-auxotrophiccells (Ad strain) of Datura innoxia Mill by a stepwiseselection method. AdAECr and Bl cells, which were clonedfrom the original AdAECr cells, were able to grow activelyon medium that contained 10 mM S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC),whereas the growth of Ad cells ceased completely in thepresence of 0.5 mM AEC. The resistant phenotype has been maintainedfor at least 10 months in culture on medium without AEC. Levels of free lysine in AdAECr and Bl cells were similarto that in Ad cells. By contrast, the level of free AECin AdAEC cells was 10-fold lower than in Ad cellsand no free AEC was detectable in Bl cells. However, acid hydrolysisof extracts from AdAECr and Bl cells resulted in a remarkableincrease in levels of detectable AEC. This result indicatesthat conjugated AEC is synthesized and accumulated in the AEC-resistantcells. The level of the AEC conjugate in Bl cells increasedwith increases in the concentration of AEC in the culture medium,while intracellular levels of AEC were so low as not to be detectablein the case of cells grown on medium supplemented with AEC atless than 1 mM. The AEC conjugate was also detected in Adcells, but at lower levels than in the AEC-resistant cells.In addition, AEC was found to be incorporated into soluble proteinsin Ad cells. These results suggest that the resistance of AEC-resistant cellsof Datura innoxia is accomplished via acceleration of the synthesisof the AEC conjugate which prevents any increase in intracellularlevels of free AEC.
1Present address: Institute for Biology and Chemistry, TsumuraCo.Ltd., Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-03 Japan.
2Present address: North Kanto Shop, Sakata Seed Co. Ltd.,Saitama,347 Japan. 相似文献
47.
I Adachi C Sumi K Furuhashi H Adachi M Ueno I Horikoshi 《Journal of biochemistry》1986,100(4):1009-1014
To manipulate the intracellular milieu of rabbit platelets, permeabilization was performed using digitonin. Permeabilized platelets showed dose-dependent release of histamine, which was stored in granules of rabbit platelets, in response to extracellular calcium ion. As PMA stimulated the release reaction in digitonin-permeabilized platelets, the protein kinase C system, which regulates metabolic processes and cell reactions in intact platelets, was revealed to be working. Cupric phenanthroline also released histamine from permeabilized rabbit platelets dose-dependently, and dithiothreitol inhibited the release strongly. Since cupric phenanthroline is a mild oxidant which catalyzes the formation of disulfide bridges, as in the case of Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum, the results suggested that protein cross-linking is implicated in the regulation of the release reaction in permeabilized rabbit platelets. 相似文献
48.
Yukinori Hatasa Miho Chikazawa Mai Furuhashi Fumie Nakashima Takahiro Shibata Tatsuhiko Kondo Mitsugu Akagawa Hiroki Hamagami Hiroshi Tanaka Hirofumi Tachibana Koji Uchida 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, mediates the oxidative modification of proteins, generating protein carbonyls. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we analyzed the EGCG-derived intermediates generated upon incubation with the human serum albumin (HSA) and established that EGCG selectively oxidized the lysine residues via its oxidative deamination activity. In addition, we characterized the EGCG-oxidized proteins and discovered that the EGCG could be an endogenous source of the electrically-transformed proteins that could be recognized by the natural antibodies. When HSA was incubated with EGCG in the phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) at 37°C, the protein carbonylation was associated with the formation of EGCG-derived products, such as the protein-bound EGCG, oxidized EGCG, and aminated EGCG. The aminated EGCG was also detected in the sera from the mice treated with EGCG in vivo. EGCG selectively oxidized lysine residues at the EGCG-binding domains in HSA to generate an oxidatively deaminated product, aminoadipic semialdehyde. In addition, EGCG treatment results in the increased negative charge of the protein due to the oxidative deamination of the lysine residues. More strikingly, the formation of protein carbonyls by EGCG markedly increased its cross-reactivity with the natural IgM antibodies. These findings suggest that many of the beneficial effects of EGCG may be partly attributed to its oxidative deamination activity, generating the oxidized proteins as a target of natural antibodies. 相似文献
49.
Haiming Cao Motohiro Sekiya Meric Erikci Ertunc M. Furkan Burak Jared R. Mayers Ariel White Karen Inouye Lisa M. Rickey Baris C. Ercal Masato Furuhashi Gürol Tuncman Gökhan S. Hotamisligil 《Cell metabolism》2013,17(5):768-778
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50.
As a potential source of biofuel, the green colonial microalga Botryococcus braunii produces large amounts of hydrocarbons that are accumulated in the extracellular matrix. Generally, pretreatment such as drying or heating of wet algae is needed for sufficient recoveries of hydrocarbons from B. braunii using organic solvents. In this study, the Showa strain of B. braunii was cultured in media derived from the modified Chu13 medium by supplying artificial seawater, natural seawater, or NaCl. After a certain period of culture in the media with an osmotic pressure corresponding to 1/4-seawater, hydrocarbon recovery rates exceeding 90% were obtained by simply mixing intact wet algae with n-hexane without any pretreatments and the results using the present culture conditions indicate the potential for hydrocarbon milking.