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101.
d-Arabinose(l-fucose) isomerase (d-arabinose ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.3) was purified from the extracts of d-arabinose-grown cells of Aerobacter aerogenes, strain M-7 by the procedure of repeated fractional precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000 and isolating the crystalline state. The crystalline enzyme was homogeneous in ultracentrifugal analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sedimentation constant obtained was 15.4s and the molecular weight was estimated as being approximately 2.5 × 105 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200.Optimum pH for isomerization of d-arabinose and of l-fucose was identical at pH 9.3, and the Michaelis constants were 51 mm for l-fucose and 160 mm for d-arabinose. Both of these activities decreased at the same rate with thermal inactivation at 45 and 50°C. All four pentitols inhibited two pentose isomerase activities competitively with same Ki values: 1.3–1.5 mm for d-arabitol, 2.2–2.7 mm for ribitol, 2.9–3.2 mm for l-arabitol, and 10–10.5 mm for xylitol. It is confirmed that the single enzyme is responsible for the isomerization of d-arabinose and l-fucose. 相似文献
102.
Environmental perturbations influence telomere dynamics in long-lived birds in their natural habitat
Telomeres are regarded as markers of biological or cellular ageing because they shorten with the degree of stress exposure. Accordingly, telomere lengths should show different rates of change when animals are faced with different intensities of environmental challenges. However, a relationship between telomere length and the environment has not yet been tested within a natural setting. Here, we report longitudinal telomere dynamics in free-living, black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) through the recapture of birds of a known age over 2–5 consecutive years. The rate of change in telomere lengths differed with respect to year but not sex or age. The years when gulls showed stable telomere lengths or increases in telomere lengths (from 2009 to 2010) and decreases in telomere lengths (from 2010 to 2011) were characterized by El Niño and the Great Japan Earthquake, respectively. Both events are suspected to have had long-lasting effects on food availability and/or weather conditions. Thus, our findings that telomere dynamics in long-lived birds are influenced by dramatic changes in environmental conditions highlight the importance of environmental fluctuations in affecting stress and lifespan. 相似文献
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Effects of different planting methods on the early establishment of two introduced tree species in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Takashi Otoda Guosheng Zhang Linhe Wang Ken Yoshikawa 《Landscape and Ecological Engineering》2013,9(1):59-66
We investigated the effects of planting density and relative ground height (distance from the water table) on the early establishment of two introduced tree species [Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) and white poplar (Populus alba var. pyramidalis)] in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China; we used GLMM to analyze experimental effects. In total, 14 afforestation plots (seven plots per species) with variable relative ground heights were established on a shifting sand dune. Trees were planted at intervals of 3, 5, and 7 m, and the distances between neighboring trees were fixed within plots. Planting intervals and numbers of neighboring trees were treated as measures of planting density, and relative ground height was treated as an indicator of water supply stability. For both species, tree survival rates decreased with increasing planting interval; the number of neighboring trees had a positive effect on survival. The effect of relative ground height differed between species. Pine tree survival rates decreased with increased relative ground height, while the survival rates of poplar trees were unaffected. We recommend that pine trees be planted at high density on lower sectors of sand dunes to prevent wind erosion in early spring. Poplar trees should be planted at high density without reference to relative ground height for the provision of fuelwood. 相似文献
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Ken Fukami Kiyoshi Kawai Sayaka Takeuchi Yoshito Harada Yoshio Hagura 《Food biophysics》2016,11(4):410-416
To understand the fundamental physical properties of calcium maltobionate (MBCa), its water sorption isotherm, glass transition temperature (T g), and viscosity (η) were investigated and compared with those of maltobionic acid (MBH) and maltose. Although amorphous maltose crystalized at water activity (a w) higher than 0.43, MBCa and MBH maintained an amorphous state over the whole a w range. In addition, MBCa had a higher T g and greater resistance to water plasticizing than MBH and maltose. These properties of MBCa likely originate from the strong interaction between MBCa and water induced by electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the effects of temperature and water content on η of an aqueous MBCa solution were evaluated, and its behavior was described using a semi-empirical approach based on a combination of T g extrapolated by the Gordon-Taylor equation and a non-Arrhenius formula known as the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation. This result will be useful for understating the effect of MBCa addition on the solution’s properties. 相似文献
107.
Tongwu Zhang Ken Dutton‐Regester Kevin M. Brown Nicholas K. Hayward 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2016,29(3):266-283
Somatic mutation analysis of melanoma has been performed at the single gene level extensively over the past several decades. This has provided considerable insight into the critical pathways controlling melanoma initiation and progression. During the last 5 yr, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled even more comprehensive mutational screening at the level of multigene panels, exomes and genomes. These studies have uncovered many new and unexpected players in melanoma development. The recent landmark study from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium describing the genomic architecture of 333 cutaneous melanomas provides the largest and broadest analysis to date on the somatic aberrations underlying melanoma genesis. It thus seems timely to review the mutational landscape of melanoma and highlight the key genes and cellular pathways that appear to drive this cancer. 相似文献
108.
Christian Montag Elisabeth Hahn Martin Reuter Frank M. Spinath Ken Davis Jaak Panksepp 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
The present study investigated for the first time the relative importance of genetics and environment on individual differences in primary emotionality as measured with the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) by means of a twin-sibling study design. In N = 795 participants (n = 303 monozygotic twins, n = 172 dizygotic twins and n = 267 non-twin full siblings), moderate to strong influences of genetics on individual differences in these emotional systems are observed. Lowest heritability estimates are presented for the SEEKING system (33%) and highest for the PLAY system (69%). Further, multivariate genetic modeling was applied to the data showing that associations among the six ANPS scales were influences by both, a genetic as well as an environmental overlap between them. In sum, the study underlines the usefulness of the ANPS for biologically oriented personality psychology research. 相似文献
109.
Hirotsugu Ohkubo Yoshihiro Kanemitsu Takehiro Uemura Osamu Takakuwa Masaya Takemura Ken Maeno Yutaka Ito Tetsuya Oguri Nobutaka Kazawa Ryuji Mikami Akio Niimi 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
BackgroundAlthough several computer-aided computed tomography (CT) analysis methods have been reported to objectively assess the disease severity and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), it is unclear which method is most practical. A universal severity classification system has not yet been adopted for IPF.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to test the correlation between quantitative-CT indices and lung physiology variables and to determine the ability of such indices to predict disease severity in IPF.MethodsA total of 27 IPF patients showing radiological UIP pattern on high-resolution (HR) CT were retrospectively enrolled. Staging of IPF was performed according to two classification systems: the Japanese and GAP (gender, age, and physiology) staging systems. CT images were assessed using a commercially available CT imaging analysis workstation, and the whole-lung mean CT value (MCT), the normally attenuated lung volume as defined from −950 HU to −701 Hounsfield unit (NL), the volume of the whole lung (WL), and the percentage of NL to WL (NL%), were calculated.ResultsCT indices (MCT, WL, and NL) closely correlated with lung physiology variables. Among them, NL strongly correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC) (r = 0.92, P <0.0001). NL% showed a large area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting patients in the moderate or advanced stages of IPF. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that NL% is significantly more useful than the percentages of predicted FVC and predicted diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (Japanese stage II/III/IV [odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.48 to 0.92; P < 0.01]; III/IV [odds ratio. 0.80; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.96; P < 0.01]; GAP stage II/III [odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.97; P < 0.05]).ConclusionThe measurement of NL% by threshold-based volumetric CT analysis may help improve IPF staging. 相似文献
110.