全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4958篇 |
免费 | 392篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
5357篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 69篇 |
2018年 | 76篇 |
2017年 | 86篇 |
2016年 | 150篇 |
2015年 | 228篇 |
2014年 | 262篇 |
2013年 | 311篇 |
2012年 | 366篇 |
2011年 | 356篇 |
2010年 | 227篇 |
2009年 | 249篇 |
2008年 | 326篇 |
2007年 | 296篇 |
2006年 | 327篇 |
2005年 | 290篇 |
2004年 | 299篇 |
2003年 | 278篇 |
2002年 | 255篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 63篇 |
1998年 | 54篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 28篇 |
1995年 | 33篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有5357条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Katsuhiko Mikoshiba Shinichi Kohsaka Ken Takamatsu Yasuzo Tsukada 《Journal of neurochemistry》1981,37(1):186-191
Abstract: The 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method has been used to study activity in cerebellum of the weaver and nervous mutant mice. Patterns of 2-deoxyglucose incorporation into the cerebral hemispheres from weaver and nervous strains did not differ significantly from those of the controls. In the normal cerebellum, 2-deoxyglucose incorporation was maximal in the granular layer, where mossy fibers form synapses with the dendrites of granule cells. In the cerebellum of nervous mice, which lacks Purkinje cells, the incorporation of the 2-deoxyglucose was maximal in the granular layer, but the incorporation into the molecular layer appeared less than in the control. The incorporation into the cerebellum from weaver, which lacks granule cells, was much higher than that of the control, the maximal incorporation being found in the Purkinje cell layer and in cell masses located in the white matter. These data suggest that the heterologous synapses that mossy fibers or climbing fibers form with the cells in the Purkinje cell layer and the cells in the white matter in the weaver cerebellum are functional. 相似文献
52.
Nick Van Laeken Olivia Taylor Ingeborgh Polis Sara Neyt Ken Kersemans Andre Dobbeleir Jimmy Saunders Ingeborg Goethals Kathelijne Peremans Filip De Vos 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
This first-in-dog study evaluates the use of the PET-radioligand [11C]DASB to image the density and availability of the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the canine brain. Imaging the serotonergic system could improve diagnosis and therapy of multiple canine behavioural disorders. Furthermore, as many similarities are reported between several human neuropsychiatric conditions and naturally occurring canine behavioural disorders, making this tracer available for use in dogs also provide researchers an interesting non-primate animal model to investigate human disorders. Five adult beagles underwent a 90 minutes dynamic PET scan and arterial whole blood was sampled throughout the scan. For each ROI, the distribution volume (VT), obtained via the one- and two- tissue compartment model (1-TC, 2-TC) and the Logan Plot, was calculated and the goodness-of-fit was evaluated by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). For the preferred compartmental model BPND values were estimated and compared with those derived by four reference tissue models: 4-parameter RTM, SRTM2, MRTM2 and the Logan reference tissue model. The 2-TC model indicated in 61% of the ROIs a better fit compared to the 1-TC model. The Logan plot produced almost identical VT values and can be used as an alternative. Compared with the 2-TC model, all investigated reference tissue models showed high correlations but small underestimations of the BPND-parameter. The highest correlation was achieved with the Logan reference tissue model (Y = 0.9266 x + 0.0257; R2 = 0.9722). Therefore, this model can be put forward as a non-invasive standard model for future PET-experiments with [11C]DASB in dogs. 相似文献
53.
Acquired Thermotolerance and Temperature-Induced Protein Accumulation in the Extremely Thermophilic Bacterium Rhodothermus obamensis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Ken Takai Takuro Nunoura Yoshihiko Sako Aritsune Uchida 《Journal of bacteriology》1998,180(10):2770-2774
Temperature-induced changes in thermotolerance and protein composition were examined in heat-shocked cells and high-temperature-grown cells of the extremely thermophilic bacterium Rhodothermus obamensis. The survival at temperatures superoptimal for growth (90 and 95°C) was enhanced in both heat-shocked cells and high-temperature-grown cells relative to that of cells grown at optimal temperatures. In a comparison of protein composition using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, putative heat shock proteins (HSPs) and high-temperature growth-specific proteins (HGPs) were detected. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the putative HSPs were quite similar to the ATP-binding subunits of ABC transporters and the HGPs were proteins corresponding to domains II and III of elongation factor Tu. These results suggested that this extreme thermophile has developed temperature-induced responses that include increased survival under hyperthermal conditions, changes in protein composition, and also the production of novel HSPs. 相似文献
54.
55.
水分胁迫下臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)光合特性和色素组成的季节变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在室内砾耕栽培条件下,通过培养液中加入PEG(Polyethylene glycol 分子量为6000)以调节溶液渗透势,设置对照、弱水分胁迫和强水分胁迫3种处理 (培养液渗透势分别为0.02,-0.1,-0.34 MPa), 从1997年开始对臭柏进行长期干旱胁迫模拟实验.2003年测定了臭柏叶片光合色素和光合特性的季节变化.结果表明:对照区气孔导度季节变化在5月和9月份形成了典型的双峰曲线.尽管对照区的气孔导度明显高于其他两个处理,但日光合量却低于弱水分胁迫区.3个处理Chl a/b的比值在11月至翌年3月的低温期内均升高,以强水分胁迫区的增幅最大,其它月份该比值在3个处理之间没有显著的差异.3个处理的叶绿素总量(Chl a+b)在生长季的5~9月份均有不同程度的上升,但其中以强水分胁迫区增幅最小.在11月至翌年3月的低温期,各处理均大幅提高叶黄素总量(V+A+Z)和热耗散色素比例(A+Z)/(V+A+Z) (V:紫黄质、A:单环氧玉米黄质、Z:玉米黄质);在5~7月份的生长高峰期,各处理则明显降低了叶黄素总量和热耗散色素比例.这种趋势在强水分胁迫区表现的更为显著. 相似文献
56.
Ken Hirano Yuichiro Yoshida Tomomi Ishido Naoji Moriya Yoshiyuki Mizushina Mitsuru Ishikawa 《Analytical biochemistry》2010,405(2):160-199
In the present study, we investigated mammalian polymerases that consecutively incorporate various fluorophore-labeled nucleotides. We found that rat DNA polymerase β (pol β) consecutively incorporated fluorophore-labeled nucleotides to a greater extent than four bacterial polymerases, Sequenase Version 2.0, VentR (exo-), DNA polymerase IIIα and the Klenow fragment, and the mammalian polymerases DNA polymerase α and human DNA polymerase δ, under mesophilic conditions. Furthermore, we investigated the kinetics of correct or mismatched incorporation with labeled nucleotides during synthesis by rat pol β. The kinetic parameters Km and kcat were measured and used for evaluating: (i) the discrimination against correct pair incorporation of labeled nucleotides relative to unlabeled nucleotides; and (ii) the fidelity for all nucleotide combinations of mismatched pairs in the presence of labeled or unlabeled nucleotides. We also investigated the effect of fluorophore-labeled nucleotides on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity of rat pol β. We have demonstrated for the first time that mammalian pol β can consecutively incorporate various fluorophore-labeled dNTPs. These findings suggest that pol β is useful for high-density labeling of DNA probes and single-molecule sequencing for high-speed genome analysis. 相似文献
57.
Characteristics of hepatitis B virus isolates of genotype G and their phylogenetic differences from the other six genotypes (A through F) 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18 下载免费PDF全文
Kato H Orito E Gish RG Sugauchi F Suzuki S Ueda R Miyakawa Y Mizokami M 《Journal of virology》2002,76(12):6131-6137
Eight hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates of genotype G were recovered from patients and sequenced over the entire genome. Six of them had a genomic length of 3,248 bp and two had genomic lengths of 3,239 bp (USG15) and 3,113 bp (USG18) due to deletions. The 10 HBV/G isolates, including the 8 sequenced isolates as well as the original isolate (AF160501) and another isolate (B1-89), had a close sequence homology of 99.3 to 99.8% among themselves (excluding USG18 with a long deletion) but of <88.7% to any of the 68 HBV isolates of the other six genotypes with the full-length sequence known. The eight HBV/G isolates possessed an insertion of 36 bp in the core gene and two stop codons in the precore region, as did the AF160501 and B1-89 isolates. The 10 HBV/G isolates clustered on a branch separate from those bearing the other six genotypes (A through F [A-F]) in the phylogenetic tree constructed from full-length sequences of 78 HBV isolates as well as in those constructed from the core, polymerase, X, and envelope genes. Despite two stop codons in the precore region that prohibited the translation of the HBV e antigen (HBeAg), all of the eight patients with HBV/G infection possessed the HBeAg in serum. By restriction fragment length polymorphism of the surface gene, all of the eight patients were found to be coinfected with HBV of genotype A (HBV/A), which would be responsible for the expression of HBeAg in them. It is worthy of examination to determine how coinfection occurs and whether HBV/G needs HBV/A for replication. 相似文献
58.
Kofoidinium, Spatulodinium and other kofoidiniaceans (Noctilucales, Dinophyceae) in the Pacific Ocean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Examples of rarely reported dinoflagellates of the family Kofoidiniaceae F.J.R. Taylor (Noctilucales) from the northwest, equatorial and southeast Pacific Ocean are described and illustrated. Kofoidinium was the most ubiquitous genus with a maximum abundance of 10 cells L(-1). Specimens of this genus were identified to four species: Kofoidinium sp. that showed a pointed extension that emerges from the antero-ventral region and K. velelloides, both of which had diameters that ranged from 40 to 200 microm; Kofoidinium pavillardii which showed a rounded epitheca and a larger size (approximately 300-700 microm in diameter); and another species, tentatively identified as K. splendens, that contained red circular inclusions. Further research is needed to clarify the characteristics that separate K. splendens from the other species. This study is the first to record the genus Spatulodinium in tropical waters and in the southern hemisphere. S. cf. pseudonoctiluca was found in the southeast Pacific Ocean, as well as other smaller specimens with a different shape or disposition of the tentacle that may belong to two other species. In the northwest and equatorial Pacific, specimens of Spatulodinium showed a green pigmentation that suggested the existence of the first species known in the order Noctilucales to contain its own chloroplasts. Immature stages of kofoidiniaceans, some containing symbiotic microalgae, are illustrated, as well as mature stages related to Pomatodinium and to unknown genera of kofoidiniaceans. Kofoidiniaceans are shown to be common and widely distributed in the Pacific, and are probably also frequent in other oceans, but are rarely recognised. 相似文献
59.
60.