微波处理对嗜碱和嗜盐海洋放线菌分离效果的影响

【目的】研究微波处理对于分离嗜碱和嗜盐海洋放线菌的效果。【方法】用微波处理7份海泥样品,梯度稀释后涂布于3种分离培养基,分离具有嗜碱和嗜盐特性的海洋放线菌。【结果】微波处理后的7份样品中,4份样品中嗜碱海洋稀有放线菌和3份样品的嗜盐海洋稀有放线菌数量极显著提高;7份样品中的嗜碱、嗜盐海洋小单孢菌属、游动放线菌属、诺卡氏菌属等稀有放线菌数量均有显著增加,不同样品中新分离到链孢菌属、小双孢菌属、链孢囊菌属及其他未鉴定的海洋稀有放线菌,分离到属的数量提高了1-4个。【结论】微波处理不仅显著提高嗜碱和嗜盐海洋放线菌的分离数量,而且明显增加了海洋稀有放线菌的分离种类。     

Nitrogen deposition in tropical forests from savanna and deforestation fires

We used satellite‐derived estimates of global fire emissions and a chemical transport model to estimate atmospheric nitrogen (N) fluxes from savanna and deforestation fires in tropical ecosystems. N emissions and reactive N deposition led to a net transport of N equatorward, from savannas and areas undergoing deforestation to tropical forests. Deposition of fire‐emitted N in savannas was only 26% of emissions – indicating a net export from this biome. On average, net N loss from fires (the sum of emissions and deposition) was equivalent to approximately 22% of biological N fixation (BNF) in savannas (4.0 kg N ha^?1 yr^?1) and 38% of BNF in ecosystems at the deforestation frontier (9.3 kg N ha^?1 yr^?1). Net N gains from fires occurred in interior tropical forests at a rate equivalent to 3% of their BNF (0.8 kg N ha^?1 yr^?1). This percentage was highest for African tropical forests in the Congo Basin (15%; 3.4 kg N ha^?1 yr^?1) owing to equatorward transport from frequently burning savannas north and south of the basin. These results provide evidence for cross‐biome atmospheric fluxes of N that may help to sustain productivity in some tropical forest ecosystems on millennial timescales. Anthropogenic fires associated with slash and burn agriculture and deforestation in the southern part of the Amazon Basin and across Southeast Asia have substantially increased N deposition in these regions in recent decades and may contribute to increased rates of carbon accumulation in secondary forests and other N‐limited ecosystems.     

红白花斑种皮高油酸花生种质材料的创制

本研究利用粉色种皮高油酸花生G63与紫白花斑种皮普通油酸花生VG-01配置杂交组合。利用等位基因特异性扩增(AS-PCR,allele-specific PCR)鉴定出16个F_1真杂种。在F_2中筛选到_ol1_ol_2单株,并对64个F_2:3家系间的种皮色泽分离进行χ~2检测。结果表明,纯色花生∶花斑花生在0.05水平上符合9∶7,花生种皮花斑性状由2对互补基因控制,当2对基因同时处于显性时,种皮表现为纯色;当2对基因至少有1对为隐性纯合时,种皮表现为花斑。利用AS-PCR技术对334株花斑种皮F_3单株进行基因型鉴定,筛选到29株ol_1ol_1ol_2ol_2基因型的单株。利用气相色谱测定结果表明,F4种子油酸GC值介于70.77%~82.87%,油酸/亚油酸介于8.15~26.30。F4群体植株主茎高12.4~87.3 cm,平均57.2 cm,较对照冀花2号增高34.97%;第1对侧枝长91.6~196.3 cm,平均134.1 cm,较对照冀花2号增长34.28%。F5新种质的单株果重、单株果数、单株仁重、单株仁数分别为(27.16±9.51)g、(22.11±10.26)个、(20.10±7.17)g和(31.94±15.16)个。新种质9-7、14-2、14-3、17-3和17-7均为红白花斑种皮,在单株果重方面较对照冀花2号增加230.02%、165.80%、210.66%、200.65%和160.26%,在单株果数方面增加280.00%、340.00%、450.00%、210.00%和150.00%,其油酸GC值分别为80.54%、81.75%、80.63%、81.3%和81.56%。该批种质材料不仅油酸含量高,而且具有医疗保健价值,对丰富我国高油酸花生遗传多样性具有重要的现实意义。     

Biosynthetic pathways of the pheromone of the Egyptian armyworm Spodoptera littoralis

Abstract Most insect pheromones comprise multicomponent blends of geometric or optical isomers, and one major question is how insects produce species‐specific ratios of components for successful reproductive isolation. Key enzymes suggested to be involved in pheromone biosynthesis are acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase and fatty acyl synthetase, chain‐shortening enzymes, desaturases, elongases, reductases, oxidases, and alcohol acetyl transferases. The female pheromone composition of the Egyptian armyworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) is highly dependent on the origin of the strain. In this review, we present a summary of the different reported pheromone compositions of the moth, including from our recent studies on this subject, as well as the biosynthetic routes to the different components and the molecular approaches involved. In addition, the key role played in the proposed biosynthetic pathways by a number of important biosynthetic enzymes, such as chain shortening enzymes, desaturases and alcohol acetyl transferases, is outlined, as well as the latest developments on the inhibition of these enzymes.     

一株种内拮抗的海洋枯草芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定

从中国东海海域筛选到好氧耐盐菌株A01,此菌株显示出抗枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌的活性采取对该菌株形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征和遗传特性进行研究的方法,结果表明此菌株与枯草芽孢仟菌（Bacillus subitilis）的特征一致;将此菌株的16S rDNA序列在GenBank中进行序列比对,结果亦显示其与Bacillus subitilis的16SrDNA的序列片段的相似性为100％;以相似性为基础构建系统发育树,分析表明该菌株与Bacillus subitilis同源关系最近最终得出结论为菌株A01是一株来源于海洋的枯草芽孢杆菌,且具有种内拮抗的特性。     

JNK、ERK信号通路在NaAsO2诱导骨髓间充质干细胞增殖中的作用

目的:研究c-ink氨基末端激酶(JNK)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)在亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)增殖中的作用.方法:体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT法)检测细胞增殖,Western-blot检测磷酸化JNK、ERK表达水平.结果:低浓度1、2μ mol/L NaAsO2对BMSC有明显的促进增殖作用;高浓度16、32μ mol/LNaAsO2则对细胞生长产生抑制作用,具有一定剂量-效应关系;2、4、8μ mol/LNaAsO2处理BMSC 24h后,JNK磷酸化表达水平明显增加,ERK磷酸化表达水平明显降低;JNK抑制剂SP600125可明显降低高浓度16、32μmol/LNaAsO2的生长抑制作用;ERK抑制剂PD98059可抑制低浓度1、2μ mol/LNaAsO2对BMSC的促增殖作用.结论:低浓度NaAsO2激活ERK信号通路,提高细胞增殖率,可被抑制剂PD98059阻断;高浓度NaAsO2激活JNK信号通路,提高细胞凋亡率,可被抑制剂SP600125阻断.NaAsO2致癌机制可能与JNK、ERK信号通路作用相关.     

蜂桶寨自然保护区中华姬鼠和社鼠食性的季节变化及与肠道长度的关系

为揭示啮齿动物食性及其对消化道肠道长度的影响,我们于2008 年在四川省宝兴县蜂桶寨国家级自然保护区内以中华姬鼠和社鼠为对象展开了研究。结果发现社鼠和中华姬鼠均以摄食种子为主,食谱中各食物成分在性别之间无显著差异,但季节变化明显。在各食物成分中,摄入种子百分比与中华姬鼠及社鼠小肠长之间呈显著正相关,而昆虫成分则相反。分析认为,中华姬鼠和社鼠取食食物成分的季节变化,可能与不同季节中食物资源可获得性的不同有关,消化道长度的变化可能体现了对季节性食物资源和能量需求的适应.     

JDV Tat反式激活LTR与HIV-1 Tat采用类似的细胞因子

为分析JDV Tat在反式激活JDV及HIV-1 LTR过程中是否采用与H1V-1 Tat类似的细胞因子,本文构建了包含完整激活域的jTat70和hTat47,同时构建了cyclin T1和CDK9真核表达及反义转译质粒。过量表达hTat47和jTat70对hTat反式激活HIV-1 LTR,jTat反式激活JDV和HIV-1 LTR均有明显的抑制作用推测jTat和hTat的反式激活作用可能涉及类似的细胞因子。通过cyclin T1和CDK9的反义转译质粒对jTat反式激活的抑制作用证实这两种细胞因子参与了jTat对JDV和HIV-1 LTR的反式激活。     

百里香属植物ISSR—PCR和SRAP—PCR体系的确立及优化

通过对PCR扩增体系中的模板DNA用量,Mg^2＋、dNTPs和引物浓度的单因子实验,分别建立了适合百里香属（Thymus L．）植物总DNA的ISSR—PCR及SRAP—PCR优化反应体系。ISSR—PCR优化反应体系为：反应总体积20μL,含模板DNA 30ng、Mg^2＋3．75mmol·L^-1、dNTPs 0．20mmol·L^-1、引物0．3mmol·L^-1和TaqDNA聚合酶1U。SRAP—PCR优化反应体系为：反应总体积20μL,含模板DNA30ng、Mg^2＋2．50mmol·L^-1、dNTPs 0．10mmol·L^-1、引物0．4mmol·L^-1和Taq DNA聚合酶1U。运用优化的反应体系对百里香属植物地椒（T.quinquecostatus Celak．）、地椒的亚洲变种[T.quinquecostatus vat．asiaticus（Kitagawa）C．Y．Wu et Y．C．Huang]和百里香（T.mongolicus Ronn．）15个居群的总DNA进行了ISSR和SRAP初步分析,获得了较好的扩增结果。